HALLMARKS OF AUSTRIAN SILVER
MARKS AND HALLMARKS OF AUSTRIA AND AUSTRIA-HUNGARY
- 1737 - 1921 -



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Habsburg Monarchy or Habsburg Empire is a term coined by historians to denote the numerous lands and kingdoms of the Habsburg dynasty, especially those of the Austrian line.
The Habsburg monarchy was thus a union of crowns, with no single constitution or shared institutions other than the Habsburg court itself, with territories inside and outside the Holy Roman Empire that were united only in the person of the monarch.
The unification of the Habsburg monarchy took place in the early 19th century. The Habsburg Monarchy was formally unified from 1804 to 1867 as the Austrian Empire and from 1867 to 1918 as the Austro-Hungarian Empire.


SILVER HALLMARKS BEFORE 1807 (HABSBURG EMPIRE)

VIENNA HALLMARKS

The first officially known Viennese hallmark dates to 1524, which, apart from a few alterations, was used up to the 18th century

Austria: Vienna 1524 hallmark Austria: 1570-1674 Vienna hallmark

County mint offices were established in 1696 to supervise the fineness of gold and silver manufactures.
New hallmarks with the "Habsburg coat-of arms" were introduced in 1696 and maintained until 1737

Austria: Vienna 1696-1736 hallmark Austria: Vienna 1701 hallmark Austria: Vienna 1702 hallmark, maker Georg Caspar Meikl Austria: Vienna 1717 hallmark Austria: Vienna 1731 hallmark Austria: Vienna 1736, Johann Georg Strasser  hallmark
Silver fineness was indicated in "loth" (until 1867):
12 loth = 750/1000
13 loth = 812/1000
14 loth = 875/1000
15 loth = 937/1000.
A figural or alphabetic symbol (in some cases accompanied by a number) identified the town control office.

In 1737 the "Habsburg coat-of arms" was replaced by the "Viennese cross-shield" with date and silver fineness (in loth)
hallmark Vienna 1741 hallmark Vienna 1755 hallmark Vienna 1762 hallmark Vienna 1764 hallmark Vienna 1766 hallmark Vienna 1772 hallmark Vienna 1772, maker Johann Georg Strohmayer hallmark Vienna 1774 hallmark Vienna 1776 hallmark Vienna 1779 hallmark Vienna 1780 hallmark Vienna 1780 Austria: 1781 hallmark Austria: 1781 hallmark hallmark Vienna 1783 hallmark Vienna 1784, maker Andreas Josephus Dischendorfer hhallmark Vienna 1786, maker Ignaz Sebastian Würth Austria: 1790 hallmark Austria: 1792 Vienna hallmark Austria: 1794 Vienna hallmark hallmark Vienna 1795 hallmark Vienna 1795 hallmark Vienna 1796 hallmark Vienna 1799, maker Josef Winkler Austria: 1802 Vienna hallmark Austria: 1803 Vienna hallmark Austria: 1803 Vienna hallmark, maker Karl Sedlmayer Austria: 1804 Vienna hallmark Austria: 1805 Vienna hallmark hallmark Vienna 1806 Austria: A Vienna 1806 hallmark


SILVER HALLMARKS 1807 - 1866 (AUSTRIAN EMPIRE)

In 1806 Emperor of Austria issued a manifesto providing for taxation and duties on gold and silver. A new mark (Repunzierung) was introduced as acknowledgement of receipt of paid taxes.
The Assay Office codes were: A Vienna, B Prague, C Salzburg, D Lemberg, E Cracow, F Brunn, G Linz, H Graz, I Klagenfurt, K Leibach, L Trieste.
Austria: 'Repunzierung' hallmark Graz
Austria: large 'Repunzierung' hallmark Vienna Austria: large 'Repunzierung' hallmark Prague Austria: large 'Repunzierung' hallmark Brunn Austria: large 'Repunzierung' hallmark Salzburg Austria: large 'Repunzierung' hallmark Graz Austria: medium 'Repunzierung' hallmark Vienna Austria: medium 'Repunzierung' hallmark Prague Austria: medium 'Repunzierung' hallmark Lemberg Austria: medium 'Repunzierung' hallmark Graz Austria: small 'Repunzierung' hallmark Vienna, maker Alois Würth

The obligatory re-marking of old articles was abolished on August 1, 1807. Only new objects had to be marked with a hallmark and a re-mark (Repunze). Objects missing of the re-mark were confiscated.

Austria: provisional account on taxes 1811-1824

hallmark for stored wares allowed to be remarked only in case of sale (vorratstempel)

On December 19, 1809, the patent for the delivery of silver was issued by the respective authorities in order to fight the indebtedness of the state resulting from the war against France. Except small objects like spoons (table cutlery), watch cases, etc. all silverware had to be delivered to the recent installed redemption offices. Only if the metal could be paid for by the owner in conventional money or silver it wasn't subject to this regulation. In such cases the object was marked with the monogram "FR". As only few large gold and silver smiths could afford to pay such a tax, a large number of silver objects of historic and high artistic value were melted down.
The notstempel-frei, freistempel was used in 1809/10 for those objects which did not have to be delivered to the redempion offices
Austria: notstempel-frei, freistempel 1809/10


The mark "TF" was used in 1810 for ecclesiastical silver not subject to delivery to the authority (taxfreistempel).
Austria: 'taxfreistempel' hallmark A Vienna Austria: 'taxfreistempel' hallmark B Prague Austria: 'taxfreistempel' hallmark B1 Karlsbad Austria: 'taxfreistempel' hallmark D Lemberg Austria: 'taxfreistempel' hallmark D4 Brody (Galicia) Austria: 'taxfreistempel' hallmark D6 Rzeszow (Galicia) Austria: 'taxfreistempel' hallmark F Brno Austria: 'taxfreistempel' hallmark F1 Olmutz Austria: 'taxfreistempel' hallmark H Graz

(left to right): A=Vienna, B=Prague, B1=Karlsbad, D=Lemberg, D4=Brody (Galicia), D6=Rzeszow (Galicia), F=Brno, F1=Olmütz, H=Graz





SILVER HALLMARKS 1807 - 1866

hallmark Vienna 1807
hallmark Vienna 1813
hallmark Vienna 1814
hallmark Vienna 1819

1807/1810

1810/1814

1811/1866

from 1810

Austria: Vienna 1807 hallmark (mark used from 1807 to 1809, no additional hallmarks in 1808 and 1809, besides fake marks) Austria: A Vienna 1810 hallmark Austria: A Vienna 1811 hallmark Austria: A Vienna 1813 hallmark Austria: A Vienna 1814 hallmark Austria: A Vienna 1819 hallmark, 15 loth Austria: A Vienna 1827 hallmark, 15 loth Austria: A2 St.Polten hallmark 1834 Austria: A3 Krems hallmark 1840 Austria: B Prague hallmark 1813 Austria: B Prague hallmark 1817: maker Anton Kába (1814-1832) Austria: B Prague hallmark 1819: maker Ludwig Kiesewitter Austria: B Prague hallmark 1849 Austria: B1 Karlsbad hallmark 1813 Austria: D Lemberg/Lwow hallmark 1832 Austria: D1 Przemysl/Premissel (Galicia) hallmark 1835, maker  M. Dietrich Austria: D2 Stanislau/Stanislawow  hallmark 1821 Austria: D4 Brody  hallmark 1821 Austria: D6 Rzeszow (Galicia) hallmark 1817 Austria: D7 Tarnow (Galicia) hallmark 1831 Austria: E Hall  hallmark 1830 Austria: F Brno hallmark 1810 Austria: F Brno hallmark 1814 Austria:F1 Olmütz hallmark 1821 Austria:F2 Troppau hallmark 1819 Austria:F4 Iglau hallmark 1821 Austria: H Graz hallmark 1807 Austria: H Graz hallmark 1813 Austria: H Graz hallmark 1816 Austria: H Graz hallmark 1846 Austria: Klagenfurt hallmark 1846 Austria: L Trieste hallmark 182 Austria: L Trieste hallmark 1833, 15 loth Austria: L Trieste hallmark 1860 Austria: L Trieste hallmark 1866 Austria: M Munkács hallmark 1847 Austria: M Munkács hallmark c.1850 Austria: unidentified town V hallmark 1846 Austria: unidentified town hallmark 1846
TOWN IDENTIFICATION LETTERS FROM 1807 TO 1866:
A=Vienna - A2=Sankt Pölten - A3=Krems - B=Prague - B1=Karlsbad - D=Lemberg/Lwow - D1=Przemys/Premissell - D2=Stanislau/Stanislawow (1807-1824) - D4=Brody (1807-1824) - D6=Reichshof/Rzeszow (1807-1824) - D7=Tarnow (1824-1866) - E=Hall (1824-1866) - F=Brno - F1=Olmütz - F2=Troppau - F4=Iglau - H=Graz - L=Triest/Trieste (1807-1809 and 1824-1866) - M=Munkács (1820-1850) - V=unidentified (after 1814)

OTHER TOWNS IDENTIFICATION LETTERS 1807/1866
A1=Wiener Neustadt - A5=Ybbs - C=Salzburg (1807-1809 and 1824-1866) - D2=Reichshof/Rzeszow (1824-1866) - D3-Czernowitz (1807-1824) - D3=Bochnia (1824-1866) - D4=Stanislau (1824/1866) - D5=Jaslo (1807-1824) - D5=Czernowitz (1824-1866) - D6=Brody (1824-1866) - D7=Bochnia (1807-1824) - D8=Tarnopol (1824-1866) - D9=Biala (1840-1866) - E=Cracovia (1807-1809) - E1=Bozen/Bolzano (1824-1866) - E2=Trient/Trento (1824-1866)) - F3=Znaim - F5=Teschen - G=Linz (Lienz) - G1=Steyr - G2=Wels - G3=Ried (1824-1866) - I=Klagenfurt - K=Ljubljana/Laibach (1807-1809 and 1824-1866) - L1=Gorz/Gorizia (1824-1866) - T=Trentschin (?-1866) - V=Venezia/Venedig (1805-1810)
BUDAPEST (PEST)
Budapest (Pest) hallmark: 1806-1810 Budapest (Pest) hallmark: 1810-1815 Budapest (Pest) hallmark: 1824 Budapest (Pest) hallmark: 1827, maker John Krieck Pest 1830 hallmark Pest 1831 hallmark, maker Giergl Alajos Budapest (Pest) hallmark: 1832 Pest 1833 hallmark, maker Giergl Alajos Pest 1834 hallmark Pest 1835 hallmark Pest 1836 hallmark, maker Aloisius Giergl (1817-1850) Pest 1839 hallmark, maker Johannes Krieck Pest 1840 hallmark Pest 1841 hallmark Pest 1844 hallmark Pest 1846 hallmark Pest 1848 hallmark (maker Szentpetery Jozsef) Pest 1852 hallmark Pest 1852 hallmark Pest 1854 hallmark Pest 1856 hallmark: maker Andr Heuffel Pest 1857 hallmark Pest 1858 hallmark, maker Szentpéteri József Pest 1859 hallmark, maker Cseh Pál Pest 1862 hallmark Pest 1865 hallmark, maker Cseh Pál Pest 1866 hallmark

TOWNS NOT IDENTIFIED

Austria: unidentified Assay Office: 1817 Austria: unidentified Assay Office: 1859 Austria: unidentified Assay Office Austria: unidentified Assay Office Austria: unidentified Assay Office


Ottoman expansion shifted the Hungarian kingdom under the rule of the Habsburg emperors and after the conclusion of the Great Turkish War the whole of Hungary became part of the Habsburg Monarchy. Following the nationalist uprisings of 1848, the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 elevated Hungary's status by the creation of a joint monarchy with the Austrian Empire, ruled in personal union as Austria-Hungary by the Austrian emperors during 1867-1918.

SILVER HALLMARKS 1867 - 1872 (AUSTRIA - HUNGARY)

From 1867 the silver fineness was indicated by a number next to "Diana head" hallmark:
1=950/1000
2=900/1000
3=800/1000
4=750/1000
hallmark from 1867
hallmark from 1867
hallmark from 1867
hallmark from 1867
hallmark from 1867
1867
950/1000
1867
900/1000
1867
800/1000
1867
750/1000
1867
(small pieces)
''Diana Head' hallmark 1867/1872: code 1 950/1000 silver fineness 'Diana Head' hallmark 1867/1872: code 2 900/1000 silver fineness 'Diana Head' hallmark 1867/1872: code 3 800/1000 silver fineness Austria small works hallmark 1867/1872 Austria small works hallmark 1867/1872: town A Vienna 'Diana Head' hallmark 1867/1872 and town code P Budapest/Pest< 'Diana Head' hallmark 1867/1872 and town code F L'viv/Lemberg< 'Diana Head' hallmark 1867/1872 and town code BP, maker Henrik Horváth 'Diana Head' hallmark 1867/1872 and town code BP 'Diana Head' hallmark 1867/1872 and town code P3 Besztercebanya/Banska Bistrica/Neusohl
The Assay office control mark (town mark) was in a separate square/rectangular shaped punch
Assay Office control mark A Vienna 1867-1872 Assay Office control mark B P Budapest 1867-1872 Assay Office control mark P Pest 1867-1872 Assay Office control mark F L'viv/Lemberg 1867-1872 Assay Office control mark G Graz 1867-1872 Assay Office control mark B5 Ischl  1870-1874 Assay Office control mark C6 Czaslau/Caslau 1867-1872 Assay Office control mark P3 Besztercebanya/Banska Bistrica/Neusohl (1867-1872) Assay Office control mark V2 Rijeka/Fiume, maker Mihich Antal


SILVER HALLMARKS 1872 - 1922 (AUSTRIA - HUNGARY)

In 1872 the alphanumeric code identifying the town control office was reinstated inside the "Diana" or "small piece" hallmarks.
hallmark from 1872 to 1918
hallmark from 1872 to 1918
hallmark from 1872 to 1918
hallmark from 1872 to 1918
hallmark from 1872 to 1918
hallmark from 1872 to 1918
1872
950/1000
1872
900/1000
1872
800/1000
1872
750/1000
1872
(small pieces)
1872
(small pieces)
'Diana Head' code fineness 1 950/1000 hallmark: town of Vienna 'Diana Head' code fineness 1 950/1000 hallmark: town of Vienna 'Diana Head' code fineness 2 900/1000 hallmark: town of Vienna 'Diana Head' code fineness 2 900/1000 hallmark: town of Budapest 'Diana Head' code fineness 3 800/1000 hallmark: town of Vienna 'Diana Head' code fineness 3 800/1000 hallmark: town of Linz 'Diana Head' code fineness 3 800/1000 hallmark: town of Prague 'Diana Head' code fineness 3 800/1000 hallmark: town of L'viv/Lemberg 'Diana Head' code fineness 3 800/1000 hallmark: town of Graz 'Diana Head' code fineness 3 800/1000 hallmark: town of Triest/Trieste 'Diana Head' code fineness 3 800/1000 hallmark: town of Pest 'Diana Head' code fineness 3 800/1000 hallmark: town  F5 Chernivtsi/Czernowitz (1867-1914?) 'Diana Head' code fineness 3 800/1000 hallmark: town P2 Selmecbanya/Banska Stiavmica/Schemnitz, now Slovakia 'Diana Head' code fineness 3 800/1000 hallmark: town P8 Szabadka, now Subotica, Serbia 'Diana Head' code fineness 3 800/1000 hallmark: town R6 Locse/Levoca, now Slovakia 'Diana Head' code fineness 4 750/1000 hallmark: town of Vienna 'Diana Head' code fineness 4 750/1000 hallmark: town of Pest small items, code fineness 3 800/1000 hallmark: town of Vienna small items, code fineness 3 800/1000 hallmark: town of Prague small items, code fineness 3 800/1000 hallmark: town of Pest small items, code fineness 4 750/1000 hallmark: town of Vienna small items, code fineness 4 750/1000 hallmark: town of Pest small items, code fineness 4 750/1000 hallmark: town of Prague small items, code fineness 4 750/1000 hallmark: town of Kolozsvar/Klausenburg small items, code fineness 4 750/1000 hallmark: town of Ischl small items, code fineness 4 750/1000 hallmark: town of Czaslau/Caslau small items, code fineness 4 750/1000 hallmark: town P8 Szabadka small items, code fineness 4 750/1000 hallmark: town P Pest
TOWN IDENTIFICATION LETTER FROM 1867
("Diana" and "Import marks" 1872-1901 and 1902-1921).

1867-1872 town code in a separate punch.

1872-1922 code inside "Diana head" or "small pieces" mark:


A=Vienna (1867-1922) - B=Linz/Lintz (1867-1922) - C=Prag/Prague (1867-1922) - D=Brno/Brunn (1867-1872) - E=Krakow/Cracau (1867-1920) - F=L'viv/Lemberg (1867-1920) - G=Graz (1867-1922) - H=Hall (1866-1868) - H=Bregenz (1868-1922) - K=Klagenfurt (1867-1872) - L=Ljubljana/Laibach (1866-1868) - M=Trieste/Triest (1867-1922) - N=Zadar/Zara - P=Budapest/Pest (1867-1937) - R=Kassa/Kosice/Kaschau (1867-1872) - T=Temeschwar/Timisoara/Temesvar (1867-1872) - U=Alba Julia/Gyulafehervar/Karlsburg (1867-1872) - U=Kolozsvar/Klausenburg (1872-1921) - V=Zagreb/Aram (1867-1872)

Various other combined letter/number town codes identified control offices in Austria (from A to N) and Hungary (from P to V):
A1=Wr. Neustadt (1867-1922) - A2=St. Pölten (1867-1922) - A3=Waidhofen a.d. Ybbs (1867-1922) - A4=Ybbs (1867-1872) - A5=Krems a.d. Donau (1872-1922) - A6=Brno/Brunn (1872-1921) - A7=Jihlava/Iglau (1872-1921) - A8=Olomouc/Olmutz (1872-1921) - A9=Bruntal/Freudemthal (1872-1921) - A10=Opava/Troppau (1872-1921) - A11=Teschen (1872-1921) - B1=Steyr (1867-1922) - B2=Ried (1867-1922) - B3=Braunau am Inn (1867-1922) - B4=Salzburg (1867-1922) - B5=Ischl (1870-1874) - B5=Gmunden (1875-1922) - C1=Liberec/Reichenberg (1867-1922) - C2=Teplitz (1867-1922) - C3=Karlsbad/Karlovy Vary (1867-1922) - C4=Plzen/Pilsen (1867-1922) - C5=Budweis (1867-1922) - C6=Czaslau/Caslau (1867-1922) - C7=Cheb/Eger (1872-1922) - D1=Jihlava/Iglau (1867-1872) - D2=Olomouc/Olmutz (1867-1872) - D3=Bruntal/Freudenthal (1867-1872) - D4=Opava/Troppau (1867-1872) - D5=Cieszyn/Teschen (1867-1868) - E1=Biala (1866-1920) - E2=Bochnia (1867-1920) - E3=Tarnow (1867-1914?) - E4=Rzeszow/Reischshof (1867-1914?) - E5=Nowy Sacz/Neu-Sandec (1868-1914?) - F1=Przemysl/Peremyshl (1867-1914?) - F2=Ivano-Frankivsk/Stamislav (1867-1914?) - F3=Brody (1867-1914?) - F4=Ternopol/Tarnopol (1867-1914?) - F5=Chernivtsi/Czernowitz (1867-1914?) - F6=Brzeziny/Brsesan (1867-1914?) - F7=Drohobych/Drohobycz (1867-1914?) - G1=Maribor/Marburg (1867-1922) - G2=Klagenfurt (1872-1922) - G3=Ljubljana/Laibach (1868-1919) - H1=Bregenz (1867-1872) - H1=Innsbruck (1872-1922) - H2=Bolzano/Bozen (1867-1922) - H3=Trento/Trient (1867-1922) - M1=Gorizia/Gorz (1867-1922) - M2=Rovinj/Rovigno (1867-1922) - M3=Zadar/Zara (1872-1919) - M4=Split/Spalato (1872-1919) - M5=Dubrovnik/Ragusa (1872-1919) - M6=Piran/Pirano (1872-1922) - M7=Kotor/Cattaro (1872-1922) - M8=Sibenek/Sebenico (1872-1922) - M9=Pula/Pola (1872-1922) - N1=Split/Spalato (1867-1872) - N2=Dubrovnik/Ragusa (1867-1872) - P1=Eger/Erlau (1867-1872) - P1=Miskolc 1872-1937) - P2=Selmecbanya/Banska Stiavmica/Schemnitz (1867-1872) - P3=Besztercebanya/Banska Bistrica/Neusohl (1867-1872) - P4=Pozsony/Bratislava/Pressburg (1867-1872) - P5=Geor/Gyor/Raab (1867-1872) - P6=Sopron/Ödenburg (1867-1872) - P6=Lugos (1872-1919) - P7=Pecs/Funfkitchen (1867-1872) - P8=Sombor/Zombor (1867-1872) - P8=Szabadka (1872-?) - P9=Sgeged/Szegedin (1867-1872)- P11=unidentified - P12=Arad (1872-1919) - P13=Pancsova/Pantschowa (1872-1919) - R1=Eperjes/Presov/Eperies (1867-1872) - R2=Baia Mare/Nagy-Banya (1867-1872) - R3=Carei/Nagy-Karoly (1867-1872) - R4=Debrecen/Debreczin (1867-1872) - R5=Oradea/Grosswardein (1867-1872) - R6=Locse/Levoca (1872-1922) -T1=Lugos (1867-1872) - T2=Novi Sad/Neusatz (1867-1872) - T3=Arad (1867-1872) - T4=Pancevo/Pancsova/Pantschowa (1867-1872) - U1=Kolozsvar Cluj/Cluj-Napoca/Klausenburg (1867-1872) - U1=Baja (?-1937) U2=Bezterce/Bistrita/Bistrirz (1866-1921) - U3=Tirgu Mures/Maros-Vasarely (1867-1872) - U4=Nagyzsrbrn/Hermannstadt (1867-1872) U5=Kronstadt (1867-1921) - V=Agram/Zagreb (1866-1919) - V1=Osijek/Esseg (1867-1872) - V2=Rijeka/Fiume (1867-1872)

After the dissolution of Austrian-Hungarian Empire (1918) the Diana head mark was maintained in use until 1937 by the short-lived People's Republic and by the restored Kingdom of Hungary
IMPORT MARKS 1872-1901 and 1902-1921
(AUSLANDSVERKEHR):
the letter of the left identifies the town
Austria-Hungary silver hallmarks: import marks  1868-1872 Austria-Hungary silver hallmarks: import marks  1872-1902, town of Pest Austria-Hungary silver hallmarks: import marks  1902-1937, town of Pest
Austria Import mark 1872-1902 Austria Import mark 1872-19021 Austria Import mark: Linz 1891-1902 Austria Import mark 1872-1902 Import mark 1872-1902 L'viv/Lemberg Import mark 1901-1921 Vienna Import mark 1901-1921 Import mark 1901-1921 Linz Import mark 1901-1921 Prague


Austria-Hungary map

REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA MARKS FROM 1922 UNTIL PRESENT



HUNGARY MARKS FROM 1866 UNTIL PRESENT



ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF AUSTRIAN SILVERSMITHS
A    BA/BH    BI/BZ    C    D    E    F    G    HA/HH    HI/HZ    I    J    KA/KN    KO/KZ    L    M    N    O    P    Q    R    SA/SD    SE/SZ    T    U    V    W    X    Y    Z   

EXAMPLES OF AUSTRIAN SILVER MARKS

Austria silversmith: Alexander Sturm, Vienna Austria silversmith: Alexander Sturm, Vienna SILBERWARENFABRIK ALEXANDER STURM, Vienna
Alexander Sturm was born 1851 in Vienna and received the business license as silverware producer in 1882. One year later he opened his own shop. After initial difficulties he finally succeeded to sell his products with the help of the so called nouveau riche Vienna society. In particular the families of the new bourgeoisie (Manner, Seligmann, Wittgenstein etc.) were customers of Alexander Sturm. From 1926 also artist of the Wiener Werkstätte worked for the company, which had its own design studio, where the artist created their designs for the silver manufacture. After the war Adalbert Sturm revived the plant and design drawings by Otto Prutscher and Josef Hoffmann entered in the inventory of the factory. In early 2000s Christa Berghaus Fölster (1950-2013) saved and continued the business. She bought machines, tools and blankings as well as the comprehensive company archive, to preserve and revive the old Viennese silversmith tradition.
Scheid Georg Adam - Vienna (Austria) Georg Adam Scheid: active Vienna from 1862 Georg Adam Scheid: active Vienna from 1862 SCHEID GEORG ADAM, Vienna
Scheid completed a commercial apprenticeship until 1853 and subsequently worked in Pforzheim and Stuttgart. In 1858 he went to Vienna and worked there in the workshop of his future father-in-law, the silverware producer and jeweler Michael Markowitsch. Together they founded the OHG Markowitsch & Scheid in 1862. 20 years later, he left the thriving company and founded in 1882 under his name a jewelry factory and 1884 also the Georg Adam Scheid'sche Affinerie, from which later the Ögussa emerged. In 1911 he retired. His jewelery works bear the marks "G.A.S. " or "S.G.A. " and often the German hallmark "Crescent and Crown"
Scheid Georg Adam - Vienna (Austria)
Frank Rudolf - Vienna, Austria Frank Rudolf - Vienna, Austria FRANK RUDOLF
active 1882-1914
Argentor Werke Rust & Hetzel - Vienna Argentor Werke Rust & Hetzel - Vienna
ARGENTOR WERKE RUST & HETZEL
active 1887-1957.The origin of the firm dates to 1863 when Carl Adalbert Münchmeyer and Ernst Rust founded C.A. Münchmeyer & Co. The firm was specialised in silver and gold plating metal objects through galvanic process.
Factories were opened in Berlin (managed by C.A.Münchmeyer), Vienna (managed by Ernst Rust and Adolf Wilhelm Hetzel) and Paris. Argentor-Werke Rust & Hetzel, founded in 1902 and managed by Georg Ferdinand Rust and Adolf Wilhelm Hetzel, became one of the most important metalware manufacturers of Viennese Art Nouveau movement.
The company was very successful and produced hundreds of models for worldwide export, obtaining the award of supplier of Austro-Hungarian Imperial House. Branches were active in Budapest and Brno. Argentor-Werke survived WWII but continued to suffer increasing financial losses until the closure in 1970.


Oscar Julius Dietrich: active Vienna, 1881-1924 Oscar Julius Dietrich: active Vienna, 1881-1924 Oscar Julius Dietrich: active Vienna, 1881-1924 DIETRICH OSCAR JULIUS
(b.1853- d.1940), active in Vienna, 1881-1924. Partecipated in the Exhibition in Paris in 1900 and 1925. Executed designs by Franz Delavilla, Emanuel Josef Margold, Dagobert Peche and the architects Hans Bolek and A.O. Holub. The workshop closed in 1931
Vincenz Carl Dub: active Vienna, 1886-1924 Vincenz Carl Dub: active Vienna, 1886-1924 Vincenz Carl Dub: active Vienna, 1886-1924 DUB VINCENT CARL
active Vienna, 1886-1924 (b. 1852 - d. 1924)
Klinkosch Joseph Karl, Vienna Klinkosch Joseph Karl, Vienna Klinkosch Joseph Karl, Vienna KLINKOSCH JOSEPH CARL
(1822-1888)
was the son of the silversmith Carl Klinkosch and apprenticed at his father workshop. He became a certified silversmith in 1844 and took over his father business in 1851. In 1864, Klinkosch formed a partnership with Stephan Mayerhofer trading as Mayerhofer & Klinkosch. The firm participated to the Viennese World Exhibition of 1873 and the Parisian Exposition Universelle in 1878. In 1869/1870, Klinkosch ended his partnership with Mayerhofer and continued to run the company alone, renaming it J. C. Klinkosch. From 1855 Klinkosch held the Imperial Warrant to the Court of Emperor Franz Josef of Austria. Klinkosch retired in 1884 and the company passed to his two sons, Arthur and Isidor. In 1918, the company was acquired by Arthur Krupp and was incorporated under the name J.C. Klinkosch AG. The company was deleted from the Commercial Register in 1972.


Eduard Friedman: active Vienna, 1881-1919 Eduard Friedman: active Vienna, 1881-1919 Eduard Friedman: active Vienna, 1881-1919 FRIEDMAN EDUARD
active Vienna, 1881-1919. Executed designs by Rudolf Karger, Milla Weltmann, and by the architects Hans Bolek, Philippe Hauser, Emanuel Josef Margold and Otto Prutscher.
Kalman Polgar: active in Budapest Kalman Polgar: active in Budapest KALMAN POLGAR
active in Budapest
Hermann Ratzersdorfer: active Vienna, 1843-1881 Hermann Ratzersdorfer: active Vienna, 1843-1881 Hermann Ratzersdorfer: active Vienna, 1843-1881 Hermann Ratzersdorfer: active Vienna, 1843-1881 Hermann Ratzersdorfer: active Vienna, 1843-1881 (MAK-Vienna) Hermann Ratzersdorfer: active Vienna, 1843-1881 (MAK-Vienna) RATZERDORFER HERMANN
active Vienna, 1843-1881.Hermann Ratzersdorfer was born in 1817 and raised in Pressburg, Austria (Bratislava now, the capital of Slovakia). His father Salomon was a dealer in true antiquities and Hermann moved at the beginning of the forties to Vienna. Soon found it more lucrative to imitate rare pieces, instead of searching out and carefully picking originals, and he established such a factory, the first of its kind in Austria. On December 14, 1843 he started his business and registered his own maker’s mark certifying his recognition as a master silversmith.Two years later he showed his workmanship at the Viennese Trade Exhibition,1845. He exhibited also at the London Exhibition of 1851, the Paris Exhibition of 1855 (where he won a 2nd class medal), the London Exhibition of 1871 and the 1873 Exhibition in Vienna
He retired in 1881, having turned his business over to his son Julius
(for these information I'm in debt with the wide article about Hermann Ratzersdorfer written by Jayne W. Dye and Karin Sixl-Daniell for ASCAS web site)
Emanuel Schwarz: active in Vienna 1876-1910 Emanuel Schwarz: active in Vienna 1876-1910 Emanuel Schwarz: active in Vienna 1876-1910 Emanuel Schwarz: active in Vienna 1876-1910 SCHWARZ EMANUEL
active in Vienna 1876-1910. Born in 1841. Silversmith and jeweller
Wiener Werkstatte: active Vienna 1903 - 1932 Wiener Werkstatte: active Vienna 1903 - 1932 Wiener Werkstatte: active Vienna 1903 - 1932 WIENER WERKSTATTE
active Vienna 1903 - 1932. Designers for Vienna Workshop were Carl Otto Czeschka, Josef Hoffmann, Koloman Moser, Dagobert Peche, Otto Prutscher and Eduard Josef Wimmer-Wisgrill. Silversmiths with a maker's monogram were Josef Berger, Adolf Erbrich, Augustin Grotzbach, Josef Hossfeld, Josef Husnik, Josef Czech, Karl Kallert, Alfred Mayer, Anton Pribit, Eugen Pflaumer, Karl Ponocny, J. Sedlicky and Josef Wagner.

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