THE DIRECTORY OF LATVIA AND ESTONIA
SILVERSMITHS




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ESTONIAN  /  LATVIAN SILVERSMITHS/MAKERS 1922 - 1939

 (text and images by Postnikov)
Estonia silver mark   ESTONIA (E)


The Committee of Elders of the Land Council (executive body of the Estonian government) proclaimed Estonia's independence from Russia on February 24, 1918, and Konstantin Paets formed a provisional government as prime minister on February 24, 1918. In January 1920 the Government decided to maintain in general the ex-Russian Law regarding silver. However the hallmarking system was changed. The first silver marks of the independent Estonia were a couple of marks, fleur-de-lys and the letters EW, standing for Eesti Vabariik (Estonian Republic). The silver fineness was still shown in zolotniks.The most common was 84 zol., but also 78 was accepted. A new law was made in May 27, 1924. The new mark was a lion moving left in an oval. The silver content was now shown in thousandths. The accepted silver fineness was now 800, 875, 900, 935/1000 and the maker's mark was struck besides the control mark. This marking system was used until 1944.


Estonia silver control mark: 1920/1924





Latvia silver mark Latvia Assay Office silver mark   LATVIA (L)


Following the Russian Revolution of 1917, Latvia declared its independence on November 18, 1918, and, after a confused period of fighting, the new nation was recognized by Soviet Russia and Germany in 1920.
The new silver hallmark was a female head with the Latvian crown into a rectangular frame with slightly rounded corners (Milda, the Baltic Goddess of love and freedom) and 875 or 916 showing the silver content.
The maker's mark was struck besides the control mark. The circular mark with Milda head was the assay office mark for silver.
Estonia map
(courtesy ASCAS, Willand Ringborg)




(click on the photo to enlarge image
(E)=ESTONIA      (L)=LATVIA)
MARK
FORM OF THE CARTOUCHE
TOWN
NAME OF THE SMITH/MAKER
YEAR
A. Hellwigs - JelgavaAH
rectangle cut corners
Jelgava (L)
A. Hellwigs
.
Alfred Joseph - TallinnAI
rectangle
Tallinn (E)
Alfred Joseph
1922-1939
unidentified mark: Tallinn
AK
rectangle
Tallinn (E)
unidentified
1922-1939
unidentified mark: Tallinn
AM (E)
rectangle
Tallinn (E)
Aleksander Mussakin (1894 1970)
(information courtesy Alexander Mussak)
1922-1939
unidentified mark: Tallinn
AN
circle
Tallinn (E)
unidentified
1922-1939
unidentified mark
AN
rectangle
(E)
unidentified
1924-1944
AN unidentified - Latvia
AN
no cartouche
(Latvia)
unidentified
.
August Reismann, Tallinn mark
AR
rectangle, round corners
Tallinn (E)
August Reismann
1926
Alexander Treder, Tallinn mark
AT
rectangle
Tallinn (E)
Alexander Treder
1884-1905
Alexandr Wilson mark: Tallinn/Riga
AW
rectangle
Tallinn (E)
Riga (L)
Alexandr Wilson
1924-1940
(earlier Riga Russian hallmarks)
BA
rectangle
.
unidentified
.
Bernhard Bergholtz: Riga
BB
oval
Riga (L)
Bernhard Bergholtz
1922-1939
Bernhard Bergholtz: Riga Bernhard Bergholtz: Riga
BB
circle
Riga (L)
Bernhard Bergholtz
1922-1939
possibly Bernhard Bergholtz: Riga
BB
rectangle, cut corners
Riga (L)
Bernhard Bergholtz
(possibly)
1922-1939
BR
oval
Riga (L)
unidentified
1922-1939
unidentified mark: Riga
CA
rectangle
Riga (L)
unidentified
1922-1939
unidentified mark: Riga
EA
rectangle
Riga (L)
unidentified
1922-1939
EA
rectangle
Tallin (E)
Eyland Adam
1924-1944
EB
rectangle
Riga (L)
Erich Backstad
1880-1904
Erich Backstad: Riga
EB
no cartouche
Riga (L)
Erich Backstad
1880-1904




E.BAKSTAD
no cartouche
Riga (L)
Erich Backstad
1880-1904
EE unidentifie (Latvia)
EE
circle
(Latvia)
unidentified
.
Emil Rudolf Ehrst: Riga
EE
lozenge
Riga (L)
Emil Rudolf Ehrst
1930-1936
EH
rectangle
Tallinn (E)
Emanuel Himberg
.
Emanuel Himberg: Tallinn
EH
rectangle, round corners
Tallinn (E)
Emanuel Himberg
.
Elmar Klaus: TallinnEK
circle
no cartouche
Tallinn (E)
Elmar Klaus
1922-1939
EK
rectangle
Tallinn (E)
Edvard Karmer
1922-1939
Evald Prant mark: Tallinn
EP
rectangle
Tallinn (E)
Evald Prant
1933-1940
(earlier Russian Kokoshnik hallmarks)
unidentified: possibly Tallinn
ER
rectangle
.
unidentified
.
E. Radus mark, Estonia
E.RADUS
no cartouche
(Estonia)
E.Radus
.
FH
rectangle
Riga (L)
Franz Hagen
1922-1939
FJ
rectangle
Tallinn (E)
Joseph Franz
1922-1939
FL
rectangle, round corners
Dorpat (E)
F. Lepik
1922-1939
unidentified: Riga
GT
oval
Riga (L)
unidentified
.
unidentified (Latvia)
H.B
no cartouche
(Latvia)
unidentified
(possibly Hermann Bank / Hermanis Banks)
.
Hermann Bank mark, Riga Hermann Bank mark, Riga
HB
no cartouche
Riga (L)
Hermann Bank / Hermanis Banks
1895-1927
unidentified: Riga
HG
rectangle, round corners
Riga (L)
unidentified
(possibly H.W.Glasenapp)
1922-1939
H.W. Glasenapp mark, Libau
HG
rectangle, round corners
Libau (L)
H.W. Glasenapp
1922-1939
Hirsch Markowitsch: Tallinn
HM in diff. shapes/fonts
rectangle
Tallinn (E)
Hirsch Markowitsch
1922-1939
H. MARKOWITSCH
rectangle
Tallinn (E)
Hirsch Markowitsch
.
HO
rectangle
.
unidentified
.
unidentified: Tallin
HO
circle
Tallinn (E)
unidentified
1922-1939
Hugo Pabo: Tartu
HP
rectangle
Tartu (E)
Hugo Pabo
1922-1939
H.Raadus & P. Osipov mark (Estonia)
H.RAADUS & P.OSIPOV
rectangle, letters
(Estonia)
H.Raadus & P.Osipov
1922-1939
H.W. Glasenapp mark, Libau

H.W.GLASENAPP
no cartouche
Libau (L)
H.W. Glasenapp
1922-1939
Schepelev Nicolai: Riga/Tallinn
cyrillic
rectangle
Riga (L)
Tallinn (E)
Nicolai Schepelev
1902-1919
unidentified
IIS
rectangle
Riga (L)
unidentified
remarking of 18th c.
Joseph Kopf: Tallinn
IK
oval
Tallinn (E)
Joseph Kopf (1867-1930)
until 1928
Joseph Kopf: Tallinn
I. KOPF.
rectangle
Tallinn (E)
Joseph Kopf
until 1928
Johannes Messner: Tallinn
IM intertwined
shield
Tallinn (E)
Johannes Messner
1922-1939
unidentified Estonia JA
JA
rectangle
Estonia
unidentified
.
unidentified: Tallinn
JA
oval
Tallinn (E)
unidentified
1922-1939
J.B unidentified (Latvia)
J.B
oval
(Latvia)
unidentified
.
Jüliis Blüms: Riga
JB
rectangle, round corners
Riga (L)
Jüliis Blüms
1873-1932
Jüliis Blüms: Riga Jüliis Blüms: Riga Jüliis Blüms: Riga
JB (intertwined)
lozenge / circle?
Riga (L)
Jüliis Blüms
1873-1932
unidentified (Estonia)
J.H
rectangle
(Estonia)
unidentified
.
unidentified: Estonia
JJ
rectangle
(E)
unidentified
1924-1944
unidentified (possibly Joseph Kopf: Tallinn)
J.K
rectangle, round corners
.
unidentified
(possibly Joseph Kopf)
.
Joseph Kopf: Tallinn
JK
rectangle
Tallinn (E)
Joseph Kopf (1867-1930)
until 1928
Joseph Kopf: Tallinn
J. KOPF.
rectangle
Tallinn (E)
Joseph Kopf (1867-1930)
until 1928
Joseph Kopf: Tallinn
St. Eligius (image)
circle
Tallinn (E)
Joseph Kopf (1867-1930)
after 1928




JL
.
.
unidentified
1922-1939
Joseph Rubin - Tallin Joseph Rubin - Tallin
JN, J.N, IN
rectangle
Tallinn (E)
Johannes Nömman
1922-1939
J.O unidentified (Latvia)
J.O
oval
(Latvia)
unidentified
.
Johan Poot, Pernu
JP
rectangle
Pernu (E)
Johan Poot
1922-1939
Junidentified (Estonia), possibly Joseph Rubin - Tallin
J.R
rectangle
(Estonia)
unidentified
(possibly Joseph Rubin)
.
Joseph Rubin - Tallin
JR
rectangle
Tallinn (E)
Joseph Rubin
1922-1939
JS unidentified (Latvia)
JS
rectangle
(Latvia)
unidentified
.
unidentified (Estonia)
JV
rectangle
(Estonia)
unidentified
.
unidentified: Tallinn
KA
rectangle
Tallinn (E)
unidentified
1922-1939
unidentified: Riga
KA
rectangle
Riga (L)
unidentified
1922-1939
unidentified mark: Tallin
KL
rectangle
Tallinn (E)
unidentified
1922-1939
Richard Lange - TallinnLANGE
rectangle, round corners
Tallinn (E)
Richard Lange
1922-1939
unidentified: Riga
LB
rectangle
Riga (L)
unidentified
1922-1939
LJ R unidentified (Latvia) LJ R unidentified (Latvia)
LJ over R
rectangle, cut corners
(Latvia)
unidentified
.
Richard Lange: Riga
LR
rectangle
Riga (L)
Richard Lange
1903-1934
Ludwig Rosenthal: Riga
LR
rectangle
Riga (L)
Ludwig Rosenthal
1897-1936
unidentified: Tallinn
MK
circle
Tallinn (E)
unidentified
.
unidentified: Tallinn
N
circle
Riga (L)
unidentified
1922-1939
unidentified: Latvia
NA
no cartouche
(L)
unidentified
1922-1939
OH
rectangle
.
unidentified
.
unidentified: Tallinn
OH
circle
Tallinn (E)
unidentified
1922-1939
OK
rectangle
.
unidentified
.
Nirk Orion: Tallin/Riga
ON
rectangle, round corners
Tallin (E)
Riga (L)
Nirk Orion
1922-1939
Oskar Vük: Tallin/Riga
OV
rectangle
Tallin (E)/Riga (L)
Oskar Vük
1922-1939
Oskar Vük: Tallin/Riga
O.V.
oval
Tallin (E)
Riga (L)
Oskar Vük
1922-1939
PF
rectangle
.
unidentified
.
JPG unidentified
PG
rectangle
(L)
unidentified
.
RG unidentified (Latvia)
RG
rectangle
Riga (L)
unidentified
1932
RL
rectangle
.
unidentified
.
Richard Lange: Tallinn
RL
rectangle
Tallinn (E)
Richard Lange
1924-1944
Richard Lange silver mark: Tallinn
R.Lange, R.LANGE
rectangle
Tallinn (E)
Richard Lange
1922-1939
Richard Müller: Riga
RM
rectangle
Riga (L)
Richard Müller
1873-1906
(earlier Riga Russian hallmarks)
R.M
rectangle
Riga (L)
unidentified
1922-1939
R.M. unidentified - Latvia
R.M.
no cartouche
(Latvia)
unidentified
.
Edward Radus: Tallin
R&O
rectangle
Tallinn (E)
Edward Radus
1905-1923




ROBPONE RIGA mark, Riga ROBPONE RIGA mark, Riga
ROBPONE RIGA
no cartouche
Riga (L)
ROBPONE RIGA
.
Edward Radus: Tallin
ROMAN TAVAST TALLIN
no cartouche
Tallinn (E)
Roman Tavast
.
unidentified Latvia RP
RP
rectangle
Latvia
unidentified
.
unidentified
RP
circle
Riga (L)
unidentified
1922-1939
unidentified: Latvia
RP
no cartouche
(L)
unidentified
1922-1939
Roman Tavast: Tallin Roman Tavast: Tallin
RT, R.TAVAST
rectangle/letters
Tallinn (E)
Roman Tavast
1924-1944
unidentified (Latvia)
SL
rectangle
(Latvia)
unidentified
.
SVunidentified (Latvia)
SV
rectangle
(Latvia)
unidentified
.
Theodor Grühn: Tallin
TG
rectangle
Tallinn (E)
Theodor Grühn
1922-1939
Theodor Grühn: Tallin
VE
rectangle
Tallinn (E)
Villem Erlang
1922-1939
unidentified: Latvia
VM
rectangle
(L)
unidentified
1922-1939
V. Tiido: Tartu
V.T
rectangle
Tartu (E)
V. Tiido
1922-1939
Willem Seffer mark, Tallin
WS
rectangle
Tallinn (E)
Willem Seffer
1922-1939
FURTHER ESTONIA MARKS
FURTHER LATVIA MARKS



English home page
This is a page of 'The What is? Silver Dictionary' of A Small Collection of Antique Silver and Objects of vertu, a 1500 pages richly illustrated website offering all you need to know about antique silver, sterling silver, silverplate, Sheffield plate, electroplate silver, silverware, flatware, tea services and tea complements, marks and hallmarks, articles, books, auction catalogs, famous silversmiths (Tiffany, Gorham, Jensen, Elkington), history, oddities ...
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