HALLMARKS OF ENGLISH SILVER
MAKER'S MARK IDENTIFICATION

WITH THE ADDITION OF SCOTTISH, IRISH, CHANNEL ISLANDS AND COLONIES SILVERMITHS
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BRITISH SILVERSMITHS - ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF MARKS: AA-AE
ALPHABETICAL LISTING
OF SILVERSMITHS' NAMES		 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
  [B] = BIRMINGHAM    [C] = Chester   [D] = DUBLIN  [E] = EDIMBURGH  [EX] = EXETER  [G] = GLASGOW    [L] = LONDON  [N] = NEWSCASTLE   
[S] = SHEFFIELD   [Y] = YORK
(lower-case letter denote smaller ones but they may be capital letters)
CLICK ON THE YELLOW NAME FOR MAKER'S MARK IMAGE and ON THE GREEN NAME FOR INFORMATION
&ACo over Ltd into a quatrefoil (Asprey&Co Limited [L]) 20th c./2nd half
& C co into three conjoined circles (Collingwood & Co [ L ] ) 20th c./1st half
& over EBs over Ld into a shield (Edward Barnard & Sons [ L ] ) 20th c./1st half
& over H over s into a shield (not identified [ L ] ) 1931
& over W.B over S into a quatrefoil (William Base & Sons [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
& over WW into a trefoil (Wakely & Wheeler [ L ] ) 20th c./1st half
A&Co into a pentagon (Asprey&Co Limited [C]) 20th c./1st half
A&CoLtd (Asprey&Co Limited [L][B][C][S]) 20th c./1st half
A&Co Ltd into a shaped rectangle (Asprey&Co Limited [B]) 20th c./1st half
A&D into a chamfered rectangle (Allen & Darwin -Charles James Allen & Sidney Darwin- [ S ] ) entered 1892
A&F.T (A & F Thorneywork [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
A& G.C (A & G Cairncross [E]) 20th c./2nd half
A&H (Alston & Hallam [ L ] ) 20th c./1st half
A& J.Z into a rectangle (Arthur & John Zimmerman or A & J Zimmerman Ltd [ B ] ) end 19th c./beginning 20th c.
A& over JZ into a shield (Arthur & John Zimmerman or A & J Zimmerman Ltd [ B ] ) end 19th c./beginning 20th c.
A&L (Adie & Lovekin [ B ]) 19th c./2nd half
A&LLd (Adie & Lovekin Ltd [B] [C]) beginning 20th c.
A& N over C.S.L into a lobed contour (Army & Navy Cooperative Society Ltd [ L ] ) entered 1903
A&O (Atkin & Oxley: Henry Atkin & John Oxley [S]) 19th c./1st half
A&S (Aston & Son [ B ] ) 19th c./2nd half
AA (Alexander Aitchison [ E]) mid 18th c.
AA into two conjoined rectangles (John Allday & Son [ B ][ C ]) end 19th c.
A.A (Andrew Allison [ G ] ) 19th c./2nd half
A.A into a cut corners rectangle (Adolphe Aron and Albert Aron trading as Aron Brothers [ C ] [ L ]) end 19th c/beginning 20th c.
A.A into a cut corners rectangle (Albert Aron and Ernest Aron trading as Aron Brothers [ C] [ L ]) beginning 20th c.

A.A.V.&Co(A A Venour & Co [ B] ) end 19th c.
A.A.W.(A A Wall [ B] ) beginning 20th c.
AB into an oval (A. Beardshaw & Co [ S] ) end 19th c./beginning 20th c.
AB (Adam Burgess [ E] ) 19th c./1st half
AB (Ambrose Boxwell [ D] )18th c./2nd half
A B in separate squares (Ahronsberg Bros [B]) end 19th c.
AB&Co (A Brown & Co [B] [C]) beginning 20th c.
A.B (A Brown [E]) 19th c./2nd half
A.B& C.o (A Bromet & Co [B]) beginning 20th c.
AB&Co (Albert Baker & Co Ltd [B][L]) end 19th c./beginning 20th c.
AB&sn into a shield (Andrew Barrett & Sons [ L ] ) 20th c.-1st half
AB&S into a shield (Andrew Barrett & Sons [ B ] ) 19th c.-2nd half
AB&ss into a shield (Andrew Barrett & Sons [ B ] ) 20th c.-1st half
A B D into three conjoined circles (not identified) London 1936
A.B Ld (A Barnett Ltd [B] [C]) 20th c./1st half
A.B over H.H.W. (Alfred Benson & Henry Hugh Webb [ L ] ) 19th c./2nd half
A.B over G.B (Alice and George Burrows [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
A.BROS Ld (Atkinson Brothers Ltd [S] beginning 20th c.
A between bros and ltd (Adie Brothers Ltd [B] [C]) 20th c.
A BROS LTD (Adie Brothers Ltd [B] [C]) 20th c.
A Bs into two separate squares (Ahronsberg Brothers [B]) end 19th c./beginning 20th c.
AB.S into a rectangle (Adey Bellamy Savory [ L ] ) entered 1826
A over BROS (A Bros [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
AC (Augustine Courtauld I [ L ] ) 18th c./1st half
AC (Alexander Clark [ L ] ) 19th c. beginning
AC (A Coghill [ G ] ) mid 19th c.
AC (Ann Cummins [ D ] ) mid 19th c.
AC into two conjoined circles (Alexander Crichton [ L ] )19th c./2nd half
AC (Arthur Cook [ B ] ) beginning 20th c.
AC into a wavy round contour (Albert Carter [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
AC into two conjoined circles (Alfred Clark [ L ]) 20th c./1st half
AC into two separate squares (not identified [ L ]) 1986
A.C (Alexander Campbell [ G ] ) 19th c./1st half
A.C into a shield (Andrew Crespel [ L ] ) mid 19th c.
A.C into a shield (Alexander Clark, entered Oct 1894 - The Alexander Clark Manufacturing Company, entered May 1898 [ L ] [ S ]) end 19th c.
A.C into a shield (Alwyn Carr [ L ] ) 20th c./1st half
A.C &Co into an oblong chamfered rectangle (Cohen & Charles -Albert Cohen & Charles Solomon- [ C ] ) end 19th c.
A.C &Ss over Ld (A C & Sons Ltd [L][B][S] ) 20th c.
A.C.Co (Frank Rabone & Walter Hayes Rabone, trading as Albion Chain Co [ B ][ C ][ L ] ) end 19th c.
AC over MC (The Alexander Manufacturing Company Limited [ L ] )
AC over MCo (Alexander Clark & Co Limited [B][L][S] )20th c./1st half
AC co over ld into an oval (Alexander Clark & Co Limited [ B ][ L ][ S ] ) 20th c.
A.C.H (not identified) London 1951

ACJ &Co (A C Jackson & Co [ B ]) 20th c./1st half
A.D (Alfred Deeley [ B ] 20th c./1st half
AD into a lozenge (Alfred Dunhill & Sons[ L ] 20th c.
AD (Andrew Davidson [ E ] mid 19th c.
AD (Charles Adam [ L ] 18th c./1st half
AD (Archibald Douglas [ L ] 19th c./1st half
AD into a lozenge (Alfred Dunhill & Sons [L][B]) 20th c.
ADL (Abraham David Loewenstark [ L ]) 19th c.-2nd half
A.D.Ld into a rectangle (Arthur Downing Ltd [ B ][ L ]) end 19th c.
AE (A Edmondson [ E ]) 19th c./1st half
AEB (Albert Edward Bonner [ L ]) 20th c./1st half
A.E.C. (Birmingham 1972)
A.E.J (A.E. Jones [B] [C]) 20th c./2nd half
AEP&CoLtd (A E Poston & Co Ltd [B][S]) 20th c./1st half
A.E.R (A E Robinson & Co [ B ]) 19th c./2nd half
A E S into a trefoil (Arthur Elwell Spurrier [L]) 19th c./2nd half
A.E.W (Arnold E Williams [ B ]) 20th c./1nd half
HALLMARKS OF ENGLISH SILVER - MAKER'S MARK IDENTIFICATION
ALPHABETICAL LISTING
OF SILVERSMITHS' NAMES		 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
THE DIRECTORY OF CAPE SILVERSMITHS A - C D - I J - M N - T U - Z
THE DIRECTORY OF CHANNEL ISLANDS SILVERSMITHS A - F G - H I - P Q - Z unidentified makers
BRITISH TOWN MARKS AND DATE LETTERS
London town marks Birmingham town marks Dublin town marks Edinburgh town marks Sheffield town marks Exeter town marks
London Birmingham Dublin Edinburgh Sheffield Chester
The hallmarking of British silver is based on a combination of marks that makes possible the identification of the origin and the age of each piece.
The marks are:

Town mark, corresponding to the mark of the assay office that has verified the piece
London town mark Sheffield town mark Birmingham town mark Newcastle town mark Dublin town mark Edimburgh town mark Glasgow town mark

Lion's passant guardant or Britannia or lion's head erased certifiying the silver's quality
lion passant: 1598-1820 lion passant: after 1820 Britannia and lion's head erased: from 1697 to 1718
Maker's mark, identifying the silversmith presenting the piece to the assay office

Date letter, in cycles of twenty letters of the alphabet of different shape identifies the year in which the piece was verified by the assay office
London date letter 'a'
A further mark was used in the period 1784 - 1890:
Sovereign head ('duty mark'), certifying the payment of duty
Sovereign head: duty mark from 1784 to 1890
work in progress on this page - your help, corrections and suggestions will be greatly appreciated -