HALLMARKS OF ENGLISH SILVER DIRECTORY
MAKER'S MARK IDENTIFICATION

WITH THE ADDITION OF SCOTTISH, IRISH, CHANNEL ISLANDS AND COLONIES SILVERMITHS
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BRITISH SILVERSMITHS - ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF MARKS: JD-JI
ALPHABETICAL LISTING
OF SILVERSMITHS' NAMES		 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
  [B] = BIRMINGHAM    [C] = CHESTER  [D] = DUBLIN  [E] = EDINBURGH  [EX] = EXETER  [G] = GLASGOW   
[L] = LONDON  [N] = NEWSCASTLE   [S] = SHEFFIELD   [Y] = YORK
(lower-case letter denote smaller ones but they may be capital letters)
CLICK ON THE YELLOW NAME FOR MAKER'S MARK IMAGE and ON THE GREEN NAME FOR INFORMATION
JD in script (Jabez Daniel [ L ] ) mid 18th c.
JD (James Dicks [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
J.D into a shield (James Dudley [ L ] ) end 19th c/beginning 20th c.
J.D&Co Ld into an oblong chamfered rectangle (Johnson, Durban & Co Ltd [ B ] ) entered in 1897
JD over & S (James Deakin & Sons [ S] ) end 19th c/20th c./1st half
J.D over &S into a shield (James Deakin & Sons [ S ] ) end 19th c/20th c./1st half
J.D over & over S into a trefoil (James Dixon & Sons [ L ] ) 20th c./1st half
J.D & S into a shield (James Dixon & Sons [ B ][ L ][ S ]) end 19th c./ 20th c.
J.D Ld (James Dewsnap Ltd [ L ] ) beginning 20th c.
J.D over McA (John D McAllister [ G ]) mid 20th c.
JD over WD into a shield (James Deakin & Sons -John & William Deakin- [ B ][ C ][ L ][ S ] ) end 19th c./ 20th c.
JE under a crown (John Elston [ EX ] ) beginning 18th c.
JE (James Edwards [ L ] )mid 19th c.
JE intertwined (Edmund Johnson [ D ][ S ] ) end 19th c./beginning 20th c.
J.E in script into a quatrefoil (John Emes [ L ] ) end 18th c/beginning 19th c.
J.E into a rectangle (Joseph Ettlinger [ L ] ) end 19th c.

J.E.B. (John Eldershaw Brunt [L] ) 19th c./1st half
J.E.B into an oblong pinned shape (J E Bushell [ B ] ) entered 1932
JEB into a rectangle (John Edward Bingham -Walker & Hall- [ L ][ S ] ) 19th c./2nd half
JEB into three conjoined circles (James Edward Barry [ S ] ) mid 20th c.
J over EBW over J into a quatrefoil (John, Edward, Walter & John Barnard (Barnard & Sons) [ L ] ) 19th c./2nd half
JEE over T in a pentagon and pseudo English hallmarks (James E.Ellis [CANADA] ) c.1850/1880
J.E.V (J E Vernon [ E ] ) 19th c./2nd half
JF into a beaded circle (Jacob Fenigstein [B] ) 20th c./1st half
J.F into a chamfered rectangle (John Alexander Fettes [ E ][ G ] ) entered c. 1903-1916
J.F (James Fenton [ B ][ S ] ) 19th c./2nd half
J.F into a rectangle (Joseph Fulton [ EX ] ) mid 19th c.
J-F (James Fenton & Co [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
JFF over FF into a shield (Fenton Bros -John Frederick Fenton & Frank Fenton- [ L ][ S ] ) 19th c./2nd half
JF over EH into a quaterfoil (Frazer & Haws [ L ] ) 19th c./2nd half.
JG in script (James Gibbons [ L ] ) mid 18th c.
JG (Joseph Goss [ EX ] ) beginning 19th c.
JG into a rectangle (John Golding [ EX ] ) mid 19th c.
JG into a rectangle (John Gammage [ B ] ) mid 19th c.
JG in script under a crown (R & S Garrard & Co -James Garrard- [ L ] ) 19th c./2nd half
J.G into a rectangle (John Gilbert - John Gilbert & Co [ B ] ) 19th c./2nd half
J.G into a rectangle (Joseph Gloster [ B ] ) entered 1888 and 1890
J.G &S (John Grinsell & Sons [ B ][ L ]) end 19th c./beginning 20th c.
JG over &S into a shield (J Gilbert & Son [B] ) end 19th c.
J.G over F.P (Joseph Goss & Francis Parsons [ EX ] ) 19th c./1st half.
J.G.G into a shield (John George Graves [C] ) entered 1903
J.G Ltd into three circles (J Gloster Ltd [B] ) 20th c.
JGM into an oblong rectangle (John Gloagh Murdoch [B][L] ) 19th c./2nd half
JH (John Hines [B] ) beginning 20th c.
JH in script (John Holland (I) [L] ) 18th c./1st half
JH in script (Jonathan Hayne [L] ) 19th c./1st half
J.H into two conjoined circles (Sibray, Hall & Co -Job Frank Hall- [ L ][ S ] ) 19th c./2nd half
JH (J Hay [ E ] ) 19th c./1st half.
JH (Joseph Hicks [ EX ] ) end 18th c./beginning 19th c.
JH (Jason Holt [ PLYMOUTH ] ) end 18th c.
JH into two conjoined circles (Joseph Hicks [ EX ] ) beginning 19th c.
J H intertwined (J Hall & Co [ G ] ) 20th c./1st half
J H intertwined (John Hart [ G ] ) 20th c./2nd half

JH in script (James Hewitt [ E ] ) 18th c./2nd half
JH over * (Joseph Heming [ L ] )
JH & Co (John Hardman & Co [ B ] ) 19th c./2nd half.
JH & Co (James Hardy & Co [ L ] ) 19th c./2nd half
JH & Co into an oblong rectangle (James Howden & Co [ E ] ) 19th c./1st half
JH & Co into an oblong rectangle (Jos Haywood & Co [ G ] ) 19th c./2nd half
J.H & Co (J Hudson & Co [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
J H &Co (J Hill & Co [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
JH &Co (James Howden & Co [ E ] ) 19th c./1st half.
J.H over & over Co into a trefoil (Joseph Heming & Co [ L ] ) end 19th c./20th c.
JH &S into an oblong rectangle (John Hamilton & Son [ E ] ) mid 19th c.
j H & over Ss Co (John Harvey & Sons Ltd [ L ] ) 20th c./2nd half
J.H.B over H.B into a trefoil (Z Barraclough & Sons -James Henry & Herbert Barraclough- [ L ][ S ] ) end 19th c./20th c./1st half
J.H.H into an oblong rectangle (J H Hillcox [ B ] ) entered 1891
J H L into a clover (John H Lunn [ B ] ) 20th c./2nd half
JHO (not identified) London 1975
J.H.P. (John Henry Potter [ S ] ) end 19th c/beginning 20th c.
J H P into three squares (John Henry Potter [ S ] ) end 19th c/beginning 20th c.
JHR into a chamfered rectangle (John Henry Rawlings [ L ] ) entered 1887
J.H.R into an oblong chamfered rectangle (John Horatio Risdon trading as Inderwick & Co [ L ] ) entered 1907
JHS into a lozenge (Harman & Co -J S Harman- [ L ] ) 20th c./1st half
J.H.W without outline (John Henry Wynn (possibly) [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
JHW over SON & over Co Ltd (J H Worrall, Son & Co Ltd [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
J.I into an oval (Joseph Izod [ L ] ) entered 1885
J.I into a rectangle (John Ivings [ L ] ) entered 1851
J.I into a rectangle (John Izon [ C ] ) entered 1883
J.I.W into a chamfered rectangle (Isaac White -possibly- [ L ] ) 20th c./1st half
The hallmarking of British silver is based on a combination of marks that makes possible the identification of the origin and the age of each silver piece manufactured or traded in the UK. The marks are:

Town mark, corresponding to the mark of the Assay Office that has verified the piece
London town mark Sheffield town mark Birmingham town mark Newcastle town mark Dublin town mark Edinburgh town mark Glasgow town mark

Lion passant guardant or Britannia or lion's head erased, certifiying the silver quality
lion passant: 1598-1820 lion passant: after 1820 Britannia and lion's head erased: from 1697 to 1718
Maker's mark, identifying the silversmith presenting the piece to the assay office (usually the initials of Christian name and surname of the silversmith)

Date letter, in cycles of twenty letters of the alphabet of different shape identifies the year in which the piece was verified by the Assay Office
London date letter 'a'
A further mark was used in the period 1784 - 1890:
Sovereign head ('duty mark'), certifying the payment of the duty
Sovereign head: duty mark from 1784 to 1890
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