HALLMARKS OF ENGLISH SILVER
MAKER'S MARK IDENTIFICATION

WITH THE ADDITION OF SCOTTISH, IRISH, CHANNEL ISLANDS AND COLONIES SILVERMITHS
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BRITISH SILVERSMITHS - ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF MARKS: CI - CZ
ALPHABETICAL LISTING
OF SILVERSMITHS' NAMES		 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
  [B] = BIRMINGHAM    [C] = Chester   [D] = DUBLIN  [E] = EDIMBURGH  [EX] = EXETER  [G] = GLASGOW    [L] = LONDON  [N] = NEWSCASTLE   
[S] = SHEFFIELD   [Y] = YORK
(lower-case letter denote smaller ones but they may be capital letters)
CLICK ON THE YELLOW NAME FOR MAKER'S MARK IMAGE
C.J&Co (Christopher Johnson & Co [ S ] )20th c./1st half
CJF (Charles James Fox [ L ] )20th c./1st half
CJ over FB into a shield (Charlie Jacques & Frederick Bartholomew [ L ] ) beginning 20th c.
CJR under a crown into a clover (Reid & Sons (Christian John Reid) [ N ] ) 19th c./2nd half
CJS ( Cyril Siner [ B ] )
CJV over Ld into a trefoil (C J Vander Ltd [ L ] ) mid 20th c.
CJV over Ld in script into a trefoil (C J Vander Ltd [ L ][ S ] ) 20th c./2nd half
CJV over Ltd (C J Vander Ltd [ L ] ) 20th c./1st half
CJ over V into a trefoil (C J Vander Ltd [ S ] ) 21th c.
CK (Charles Kandler [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
CK into a rectangle (Charles Kirchman [ C ] [ L ]) beginning 20th c.
CL under a crown (Charles Leslie [ D ] )18th c./1st half
CL (Charles Lias [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
C.L (Charles Lambe [ D ] )end 19th c.-20th c./1st half
C.L &S into an oval (Charles Lyster & Son [ B ] [ C ]) end 19th c.-20th c./1st half
C.L.S (not identified) London 1919
CM (Charles Marsh [ D ] )19th c./1st half

CM (Charles May [ B ][ L ] ) end 19th c.-20th c./1st half
CM (Charles Marsh [ D ]) 19th c./1st half
C enclosing m into a shield (The Churchill Mint [ S ] ) 20th c./2nd half
C.M (Charles Marsh [ D ] )19th c./1st half
CME (not identified) Birmingham 1977
CNL (Christopher Lawrence [ L ][ S ] ) 20th c./2nd half
CO under a device with three dots over two circles and a blossom (Robert Cooper [ L ]) entered 1697
CO under a fleur de lys (Augustine Courtauld [ L ]) 19th c./1st half
C.O.R into a rectangle (Charles Owen Rogers [ L ]) 19th c./2nd half
C.P (Charles Price [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
CP (Charles Plumley [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
C.P&Co into two conjoned ovals (Charles Perry & Co [ B ][ C ] ) 20th c./1st half
C.P&C.Ld (Charles Packer & Co Ltd [ L ] ) 20th c./1st half
CPB (Charles Penny Brown [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
C.P.S into an oval (not identified) Birmingham 1966
CR (Charles Robb [ E ] ) 19th c./1st half
CR (Charles Rawlings [ L ] )19th c./1st half
CR into an oval (Christian Ker Reid [ N ]) 19th c./1st half
CR&S (Charles Robb & Sons [ E ] )19th c./2nd half
CR&S (C Robathan & Son [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
CR over A (Charles Ashbee [ L ] )
CR over DR (Reid & Son of Newcastle -Christian Ker Reid & David Reid- [ E ][ L ][ N ] ) 19th c./1st half
CR over DR into a quatrefoil (Reid & Son of Newcastle) (Christian Ker Reid & David Reid [ L ][ N ] ) 19th c./1st half
CR over DR over CR into an oblong curved outline (Reid & Sons -Christian Ker Reid, David Reid & Christian Bruce Reid) [ N ]) entered 1833
CRICHTON (George Crichton [Perth][ E ]) mid 19th c.
CR over GS into a quatrefoil (Charles Reily & George Storer [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
CR over WS (Charles Rawlings & William Summers [L]) 19th c./1st half
C.S (Charles Stewart [ D ][ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
C.S (Charles Shipway [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
CS into two conjoined circles (not identified) London 1975
CS over & over Hs into a trefoil (C.S. Harris & Sons Ltd [ L ]) entered 1904
CS FS into two separate rectangles (Cornelius Saunders & Frank Shepherd [ L ]) entered 1888
CS star FS (Cornelius Desormeaux Saunders & James Francis Hollings -Frank- Shepherd [ L ][ B ][ C ][ S ] ) end 19th c. - 20th c./1st half
CSG over &Co into a shield (Charles S Green & Co [ B ] ) 20th c.
C over S Ld into a trefoil (Courtman Silver Ltd [ B ] ) 20th c./2nd half
C.S.H (Charles Stuart Harris [ L ] ) 19th c./2nd half
C.S over H into a trefoil (Charles Stuart Harris [ L ] ) end 19th c./beginning 20th c.
CSH & S H (C S Harris & Sons Ltd [ L ] ) 20th c./1st half
CT (Charles Thomas [ B ] )
C T into triangles (Cavalier Tableware [ B ][ L ]) 20th c./2nd half
CTF over GF (Charles Thomas Fox and George Fox [ L ]) 19th c.
CT over I.VW(Carden Terry & Jane Williams [ D ][CORK]) 19th c./1st half

C.T.M (Charles T Maine - Jersey- [L]) 20th c./1st half
C T over TTT (Charles & Thomas Terret Taylor [ EX ][ L ]) 19th c./1st half
C over T.W (Thomas & William Chawner [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
C over T.W over W into an oval (Thomas Whipham II & Charles Wright [L]) 18th c./2nd half
CU (Charles Union [ Y ]) end 18th c.
C.U into a rectangle (Reuben Usher trading as Charles Usher [ B ][ C ] ) 20th c./1st half
C.U into a rectangle (Reuben Percival Usher trading as The Usher Manufacturing Co [ B ][ C ] ) 20th c./1st half
C.V into a rectangle (Charles Vale, Henry Vale & Rowland Sermon trading as Vale Brothers & Sermon [ C ] ) end 19th c.
C W into squares (Charles Weale [ B] ) 20th c./1st half
CW (Charles Wright [ L] ) 18th c./2nd half
C W (Charles Watson [ L] ) 19th c./2nd half
CW into two conjoined circles (Charles Wallis [ L] ) 19th c./2nd half
C.W (Charles Wilkes [B] ) 20th c./1st half
CW&S (Charles Westwood & Sons [ B] ) 20th c./1st half
CW&Sns (C.Widmer & Sons [ L] ) end 19th c.
CWC (C W Cheshire [ B] ) mid 19th c.
CWCo (Cronin & Wheeler [ B] ) mid 19th c.
CWF (C W Fletcher & Son Ltd [ L][ S] ) 20th c./1st half
C.W.F (Charles William Fletcher [ L][ S] ) 20th c./1st half
CWQ (Charles William Quesnel [ Jersey] )
CWS Ld (Cooperative Wholesale Society Ltd [B][C] ) end 19th c.-20th c./1st half
CyBs into a rectangle (William Henry Coley trading as Coley Brothers [ C ] ) end 19th c./beginning 20th c.
HALLMARKS OF ENGLISH SILVER - MAKER'S MARK IDENTIFICATION
ALPHABETICAL LISTING
OF SILVERSMITHS' NAMES		 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
THE DIRECTORY OF CAPE SILVERSMITHS A - C D - I J - M N - T U - Z
THE DIRECTORY OF CHANNEL ISLANDS SILVERSMITHS A - F G - H I - P Q - Z unidentified makers
BRITISH TOWN MARKS AND DATE LETTERS
London town marks Birmingham town marks Dublin town marks Edinburgh town marks Sheffield town marks Exeter town marks
London Birmingham Dublin Edinburgh Sheffield Chester
The hallmarking of British silver is based on a combination of marks that makes possible the identification of the origin and the age of each piece.
The marks are:

Town mark, corresponding to the mark of the assay office that has verified the piece
London town mark Sheffield town mark Birmingham town mark Newcastle town mark Dublin town mark Edimburgh town mark Glasgow town mark

Lion's passant guardant or Britannia or lion's head erased certifiying the silver's quality
lion passant: 1598-1820 lion passant: after 1820 Britannia and lion's head erased: from 1697 to 1718
Maker's mark, identifying the silversmith presenting the piece to the assay office

Date letter, in cycles of twenty letters of the alphabet of different shape identifies the year in which the piece was verified by the assay office
London date letter 'a'
A further mark was used in the period 1784 - 1890:
Sovereign head ('duty mark'), certifying the payment of duty
Sovereign head: duty mark from 1784 to 1890
work in progress on this page - your help, corrections and suggestions will be greatly appreciated -