HALLMARKS OF ENGLISH SILVER
MAKER'S MARK IDENTIFICATION

WITH THE ADDITION OF SCOTTISH, IRISH, CHANNEL ISLANDS AND COLONIES SILVERMITHS
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BRITISH SILVERSMITHS - ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF MARKS: QA-RJ
ALPHABETICAL LISTING
OF SILVERSMITHS' NAMES		 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
  [B] = BIRMINGHAM    [C] = Chester   [D] = DUBLIN  [E] = EDIMBURGH  [EX] = EXETER  [G] = GLASGOW    [L] = LONDON  [N] = NEWSCASTLE   
[S] = SHEFFIELD   [Y] = YORK
(lower-case letter denote smaller ones but they may be capital letters)
CLICK ON THE YELLOW NAME FOR MAKER'S MARK IMAGE
R&B (Roberts & Belk -Samuel Roberts & Charles Belk- [ S ]) 19th c./2nd half
R&B (Roberts & Belk Ltd [ B ][ C ][ E ][ G ][ L ][ S ]) end 19th c.- 20th c./1st half
R&B (Roberts & Briggs -Samuel Roberts & William Briggs- [ S ] ) 19th c./2nd half
R& Co (Rattray & Co [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
R & Co into three conjoined circles (Robinson & Co Ltd [ S ]) 20th c./1st half
R & D (Roberts & Dore [ B ][ L ][ S ]) 20th c.
R & D into a chamfered rectangle (Roberts & Dore (possibly) [ L ]) 20th c.
R & K (Richards & Knight [ L ] ) 20th c./2nd half
R& M (Read & Morris [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
R&S (Rettie & Son [ E ] ) 19th c./1st half
R&S (not identified [B] ) 1842
R& S (Roberts & Slater -Samuel Roberts & Joseph Slater- [ S ] ) mid 19th c.
R&S gothic into three conjoined circles (Reid & Sons [ C ][ L ][ S ] ) 20th c./1st half
R&S into three circles (Reid & Sons [ B ][ L ] ) 20th c./1st half
R&S (Reid & Sons [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
R&S Ld gothic into three conjoined circles (Reid & Sons Ltd [ B ] [ S ] ) 20th c./1st half
R&W into a shaped cartouche (Robb & Whittet [ E ]) mid 19th c.
R&W into an oblong rectangle (Reynolds & Westwood [ B ]) end 19th c./beginning 20th c.
R& over WS into a quaterfoil (Robert & William Sorley [ D ][ G ][ L ][S ] ) 20th c./1st half
RA into an oval (Robert Allison [ E ][ G ] ) 20th c./2nd half
R.A under a crown (Robert Abercrombie [ L ]) 18th c./1st half
R.A (Robert Abercromby [ L ] ) 18th c./1st half
RA over WS (Richard William Atkins & William Nathaniel Somersall [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
RAM over SEY (Edward Ramsey [ EX ] ) mid 19th c.

RB in script (Richard Bayley [ L ] ) 18th c./1st half
RB in script under a crown (Richard Beale [ L ] ) mid 18th c.
RB (Robert Breading [ D ] ) end 18th c./ beginning 19th c.
RB in script (Harrods Ltd -Richard Burbridge- [ C ][ D ] [ S ] ) 20th c./1st half
RB into a circle (Reginald Beale [ L ] ) 20th c./2nd half
R.B (Richard Binley [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
R.B or RB into a chamfered rectangle (Richard Britton [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
R.B (not identified [ B ] ) 1924
RB& R (Rundell, Bridge & Rundell [ L ] )
RBLd (Reign Beau Ltd [ B ] ) end 20th c.
RBros (Randle Bros [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
R.Bs (Rolason Brothers [ B ][ C ] ) end 19th c/ beginning 20th
R.C (Robert Cox [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
RC (Robert Clark [ E ] ) 18th c./2nd half
RC in script (Richard Clark [ Y ] ) 18th c./2nd half
RC (Robert Cattle [ Y ]) 19th c./1st half
RC (Richard Crossley [ L ] ) end 18th c./beginning 19th c.
RC (R Chawner [ L ] ) end 18th c./beginning 19th c.
RC into two conjoined ovals (Richard Cook [ L ] ) end 18th c./beginning 19th c.
RC over a dot into a shield (Richard Comyns [ L ] ) 20th c.
RC into a hexagon (R. Carr Ltd [ B ][ E ][S ] ) end 20th c.
RC over GS (Richard Crosley & George Smith IV [ L ] ) end 18th c./beginning 19th c.
RC over JB (Robert Cattle & James Barber [ Y ]) 19th c./1st half
RD (Robert Death [ L ] ) mid 19th c.
RD (Robert Dicker [ L ] ) 19th c./2nd half
RD into an oval (Richard Duncan [ N ]) 19th c./1st half
RD into a chamfered rectangle (Robert Victor Dumenil [ L ] ) end 19th c./beginning 20th c.
R.D&Co (R Davis & Co [ B ] ) mid 20th c.
R over D.H over H (David Hennell I & Robert Hennell [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
R over D.S over S in quaterfoil (Daniel Smith & Robert Sharp [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
R.E.A (Robinson, Edkins & Aston [ B ] ) 19th c./1st half
RE over EB into a quatrefoil (Rebecca Emes & Edward Barnard [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
RE over HE into a shield (Rupert Flavell & Henry Elliot [ L ] ) 19th c./2nd half
R.E.S (Robert Edgar Stone [ L ] ) 20th c./1st half
RF (Richard Ferris [ EX ] ) end 19th c./beginning 19th c.
RFF (Robert Frederick Fox)
RFM in script intertwined (R F Mosley & Co Ltd -Robert Fead Mosley- [S ] ) entered 1907
R.F.M into a shield, a circle and a lozenge (R F Mosley & Co -Robert Fead Mosley- [S ] ) end 19th c./beginning 20th c.
R.F.M into three conjoined circles (Robert Fead Mosley & Co [S] ) mid 20th c.
R.G (Richard Garde [ D ] ) 19th c./1st half
RG (Robert Gainsford [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
RG (Robert Gray [ E ][ G ] ) end 18th c/ beginning 19th
RG in script (Richard Gosling [ L ] ) mid 18th c.

RG (Robert Gordon [ E ] ) 19th c./1st half
RG in script under a crown (R & S Garrard & Co -Robert Garrard II- [ L ] ) 19th c.
RG (Robert Green -possibly- [ C ] ) 20th c./1st half
R.G (Robert Garrard I [ L ] ) beginning 19th c.
RG over &S (Robert Gray & Son [ E ][ G ] ) 19th c./1st half
R.G.L (R G Laurie [ B ] ) beginning 20th c.
RH into an oval (Robert Hennell I [ L ]) end 18th c.
RH (Robert Hennell II [ L ]) 19th c./1st half
RH into a shield (Robert Hutton [ L ] ) 19th c./2nd half
R-H (Robert Hare [ L ] ) mid 18th c.
R.H (Robert Hennell [ L ] ) end 18th c/ 19th c.
RH into two circles (Robert Harper [ L ]) 19th c./2nd half
RH and English pseudo-hallmarks (Robert Hendery or Hendery & Leslie [Montreal - CANADA]) c.1870/1900
R.H into an oval (Robert Hennell I [ L ]) end 18th c.
R.H into a shield (Robert Humphries [ L ] ) 19th c./2nd half
R.H (Robert Hennel III [ L ]) mid 19th c.
RH over & over SON into a quaterfoil (R Hodd & Son [ L ] ) 20th c./1st half
RH over & over Sns into a shield (R H Halford & Sons [ L ] ) end 19th c./beginning 20th c.
RH over & over Sns over Ld into a shield (R H Halford & Sons Ltd [ L ] ) 20th c./1st half
RH over DH (Robert Hennell and David Hennell [ L ]) end 18th c./beginning 19th c.
RH over DH over SH (Robert, David &Samuel Hennell [L]) 19th c./1st half

RHF (not identified [ B ]) 1999
RHJ&S (R.H. Jones & Sons [ L ]) 20th c./1st half
RH over RH into a quaterfoil (Richard Hodd & Son -Richard Hodd I & Richard Hodd II- [ L ] ) 18th c/2nd half
RH over SH (Robert Hennell and Samuel Hennell [ L ]) 19th c./1st half
RH over WL (Linley & Hodd -Richard Hodd I & William Linley [L]) 19th c./2nd half
R 'star' I into a heart (Robert Inglis -possibly- [ E ]) 18th c./1st half
RIJ (Royal Irish Silver Co -possibly- [ L ]) 20th c./2nd half
RJ (Robert Jones [ Y ]) c. 1790
R.J into a chamfered rectangle (Robert William Jay [ L ]) entered 1898
R.J into a rectangle and a lozenge (Reuben Jordan -possibly- [ C ][ L ]) 20th c./1st half
R.J.H into an oblong rectangle (Robert John Harvey [ L ]) entered 1848
HALLMARKS OF ENGLISH SILVER - MAKER'S MARK IDENTIFICATION
ALPHABETICAL LISTING
OF SILVERSMITHS' NAMES		 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
THE DIRECTORY OF CAPE SILVERSMITHS A - C D - I J - M N - T U - Z
THE DIRECTORY OF CHANNEL ISLANDS SILVERSMITHS A - F G - H I - P Q - Z unidentified makers
BRITISH TOWN MARKS AND DATE LETTERS
London town marks Birmingham town marks Dublin town marks Edinburgh town marks Sheffield town marks Exeter town marks
London Birmingham Dublin Edinburgh Sheffield Chester
The hallmarking of British silver is based on a combination of marks that makes possible the identification of the origin and the age of each piece.
The marks are:

Town mark, corresponding to the mark of the assay office that has verified the piece
London town mark Sheffield town mark Birmingham town mark Newcastle town mark Dublin town mark Edimburgh town mark Glasgow town mark

Lion's passant guardant or Britannia or lion's head erased certifiying the silver's quality
lion passant: 1598-1820 lion passant: after 1820 Britannia and lion's head erased: from 1697 to 1718
Maker's mark, identifying the silversmith presenting the piece to the assay office

Date letter, in cycles of twenty letters of the alphabet of different shape identifies the year in which the piece was verified by the assay office
London date letter 'a'
A further mark was used in the period 1784 - 1890:
Sovereign head ('duty mark'), certifying the payment of duty
Sovereign head: duty mark from 1784 to 1890
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