HALLMARKS OF ENGLISH SILVER
MAKER'S MARK IDENTIFICATION

WITH THE ADDITION OF SCOTTISH, IRISH, CHANNEL ISLANDS AND COLONIES SILVERMITHS
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BRITISH SILVERSMITHS - ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF MARKS: EA-EZ
ALPHABETICAL LISTING
OF SILVERSMITHS' NAMES		 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
  [B] = BIRMINGHAM    [C] = Chester   [D] = DUBLIN  [E] = EDIMBURGH  [EX] = EXETER  [G] = GLASGOW    [L] = LONDON  [N] = NEWSCASTLE   
[S] = SHEFFIELD   [Y] = YORK
(lower-case letter denote smaller ones but they may be capital letters)
CLICK ON THE YELLOW NAME FOR MAKER'S MARK IMAGE and ON THE GREEN NAME FOR INFORMATION
e&c over p into a clover (Edwin Charles Purdie [ L ] [ C ]) 19th c./20th c.
E & Co in script into a trefoil (Elkington & Co [ B ][L]) 19th c./20th c.
E & Co Ld into three circles (Elkington & Co [ B ][L]) 19th c./20th c.
E& Co (Elkington & Co Limited [ B ] [ C ] [L]) 19th c./20th c.
E&Co&Ld in script (Elkington & Co Limited [ B ][ L ][ C ] ) 19th c./20th c.
E& Co (Elder & Co [ E ] ) 19th c./1st half
E&Co (Elkington & Co Limited [ B ][L] ) 19th c./20th c.
E& over Co (Elkington & Co Limited[ B ][L] ) 19th c./20th c.
E& Co over Ltd into a shield (Ellis & Co Ltd [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
E& Co D (E Druiff & Co [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
E&J into a chamfered rectangle (not identified [ L ] ) 2001
E& JL (E & J Leek [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
E& N over S into a triangle (E & N Speak [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
E&S into two conjoined circles (Edward & Sons [B][G][L] ) 20th c./1st half
E&S into a lozenge (Edwards & Sons [C][L] ) 20th c./1st half
EA gothic into a shield (Edward Aldridge [L] ) 18th c.
EA into a lozenge (widow of Edward Aldridge [L] ) 18th c.
EA into a rectangle (Edward Aldridge [L] ) 18th c.
E.A in script into a rectangle (Edward Aldridge [L] ) 18th c.
EB in script (Edward Betts [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
EB in script into a heart (Edward Brown [ L ] ) end 19th c.
EB (Elizabeth Bainbridge [ D ]) 19th c./1st half
EB (Edmund Bell [ S ] ) 19th c./2nd half
E.B into an oval (J William Caldicott - Edward Baker & Son [ B ][ C ]) end 19th c./beginning 20th c.
E.B into an oblong oval (E. Baker & Son [ B ]) 20th c.
EB over & over JNB in quaterfoil (Edward & John Barnard [ L ] ) 19th c./2nd half
EB over & over JB into a quatrefoil (Edward and John Barnard [ L ]) mid 19th c.
EB over JB (Edward and John Barnard [ B ][ L ]) end 19th c.
EB over Ss into a shield (Edward Barnard & Sons Ltd [ L ] ) 20th c.
EBs under & over Ld into a shield (Edward Barnard & Sons [ L ] ) 20th c./1st half
E.B over W.B without frame (Edwin Barling & William Barling [ L ]) end 19th c./20th c.
EC (Ebenezer Coker [ L ]) 18th c./2nd half
EC (E. Crofton [ D ]) 19th c./1st half
E.C in script (Ebenezer Coker [ L ] ) 18th c.
E.C in script (Elias Cachart [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
E.C (Ebenezer Coker [ L ] ) 19th c.
EC over B into a trefoil (Richards & Brown -Edward Charles Brown- [ L ] ) 19th c./2nd half
E.C over T.H (Ebenezer Coker & Thomas Hannam [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
E.D into a shield (Ernest Drew [ L ]) 20th c./1st half
E.D without frame (Edward Davis [ B ][ C ][ L ]) end 19th c.
ED over JSD into a shield (Drew & Sons (Ernest & John Summers Drew [ L ] ) 20th c./1st half
EDWARD (George Edward & Sons [ D ] ) 19th c./2nd half

EE into twin circles in contact (Elizabeth Eaton [L]) mid 19th c..
E.E (E Edmonds [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
E.E (Edward Edwards I [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
E E over B over J W (Edward, Edward Jnr., John and W. Barnard [ L ]) 19th c.
EE over JE (Elizabeth Eaton & John Eaton [ L ] ) 19th c./2nd half
EF (Edward Fernell [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
E.F (Edward Farrell [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
EF (Edward Feline [ L ] )
EFB (E F Braham [ B ] ) end 19th c./beginning 20th c.
EF into a circle (Esther Forbes [ D ] ) 18th c./1st half
E.F.B & Co (E F Braham & Co [ B ] ) mid 20th c.
E.F over H.T. into a shield (Horace Woodward & Co -Edgar Finley & Hugh Taylor- [ B ][ L ] ) 19th c./2nd half
EGP (Eustace George Parker [ L ] ) end 19th c.
EGP (Eustace G Parker (possibly) [ B ]) 1897
EH (William Hutton & Sons -Edward Hutton- [ L ] [ S ]) 19th c./2nd half
E.H (Edward Hall [ L ] ) 18th c./1st half
EH&Co into an oval (Edwin Horton, trading as Horton & Co [B]) 20th c./1st half
EH&Co (Edwin Horton, trading as Horton & Co [C]) 20th c./1st half
E.H&Co (E.Hart, L.Smith, F.Davies trading as E.Hart & Co [B] [C]) 20th c./1st half
EHP over & Co into a shield (E H Parkin & Co [ S ]) 20th c.
EHP over & Co Ltd into a shield (E H Parkin & Co -possibly- [ S ]) 20th c.
EHP (E H Parkin & Co [ S ]) 20th c.
EHS (Edward H Stockwell [ L ] ) 19th c./2nd half
EHT (Edward Henry Turberville [ L ] ) 19th c./2nd half
EI under a crown (Edward Jennings [ L ] ) 18th c./1st half
EI (Elizabeth Jones [ L ] ) entered 1783
EI (Edward Jay [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
EIM into a rectangle (Elly Isaac Miller [L] ) end 19th c.
EJ (Edward Jay [ B ] ) mid 18th c.
EJ (Edwin Jones [ B ] ) 19th c./1st half
EJ (Edward Jackson [ Y ] ) 19th c./1st half
EJ into a lozenge (Elizabeth Jackson -later Oldfield- [ L ] ) mid 19th c.
EJ intertwined (Edmund Johnson [ S ] ) end 19th c.
EJ (Edward Joseph [ L ] ) 19th c./2nd half
E.J (Edmund Johnson -E Johnson Ltd- [ D ] ) 19th c./beginning 20th c.
EJ intertwined(Edmund Johnson -E Johnson Ltd- [ D ] ) 19th c./beginning 20th c.
EJ over B over & W (Edward, John & William Barnard [ L ] ) mid 19th c.
EJE into three conjoined circles (not identified [ S ] ) 1943
E.J.G (Ellis Jacob Greenberg [ B ] ) end 19th c./1st half
EJG (E J Greenberg ? [ L ] ) 19th c./2nd half
E.J over G into a shield (Ellis Jacob Greenberg [ B ][ L ][ S ] ) 20th c./1st half
EJH into three circles (E J Houlston [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
EJH over CB into a shield (Haseler & Bill -E J Haseler & C Bill- [ B ][ L ] ) 20th c./1st half
EJH over NH into a shield (Haseler Brothers -Edward John Haseler & Noble Haseler- [ B ][ C ][ L ] ) end 19th c./20th c.
E.J.L (E J Lowe [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
E.J over Ltd into a shield (Edmond Johnson Ltd [ S ] ) 20th c./1st half
E.J.P (E J Partridge [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
EK (Enid Kelsey [ L ] ) 20th c./1st half
E.K.R into two conjoined circles (Edward Ker Reid [ L ] ) 19th c./2nd half
EL under a crown (Edward Lothian [ E ] ) 18th c./1st half
E.L (Emmanuel Levy [ EX ] ) 19th c./1st half
EL (Edward Lees [ L ] ) beginning 19th c.
EL over L into a shield (Ernest Lloyd Lawrence [ L ] ) end 19th c./beginning 20th c.
E.M (Elizabeth Morley [ L ] ) beginning 19th c.
EM (Elizabeth Morley [ L ]) end 18th c./beginning 19th c.
EM (E Millard [ EX ] ) 19th c./1st half
EM (E McKenzie [ E ]) mid 19th c./
EM &Co gothic (Elkington Mason & Co [ B ][ S] ) mid 19th c./
E.M. & Co. (Eldona Manufacturing Co Ltd [ B ]) 20th c./1st half

E.M &S (E Mander & Sons [ B ]) 20th c./1st half
EM over JM (Edward & Joseph Charles Mappin -Mappin Bros- [ L ] ) 19th c./2nd half
E.N into a rectangle (Ebenezer Newman [ L ] ) 19th c./2nd half
EO (Elizabeth Oldfield [ L ] ) mid 18th c.
E.O.Co into a rectangle (Elliott Optical Co [ L ] ) 20th c./1st half
EP (Edward Penman [ E ]) 18th c./1st half
EP (Edward Power [ D ]) 19th c./1st half
E.P (Edward Pairpoint [ L ]) mid 19th c.
EP and TWY+ (double mark) (Edward Power and Edward Twy [ D ]) 19th c./1st half
ER (Emick Romer [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
ER over JP (Edward Robinson & James Phipps [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
ER into a rectangle (Edward Richardson [ L ] ) 19th c./2nd half
ES (Edward Smith [ B ] ) 19th c.
ES into two conjoined circles (Edward Sweet [ EX ] ) 19th c.
ES (Edward Stammers [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
E.S (Edward Sawyer [ B ] ) 18th c./2nd half
E.S&Co (not identified [ S ] ) 1947
E.S.B (E S Barnsley & Co Ltd -Edward Souter Barnsley- [ B ] ) end 19th c./beginning 20th c.
ES over WS into a quarterfoil (Edward & William Smith [ S ] ) mid 19th c.
ET (Edward Thomason [ B ] ) 19th c./1st half
ET (Elizabeth Tookey [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
ETB (Edwin Thomson Bryant [ L ] ) end 19th c.
E.U into a rectangle (Edwin Umfreville [ L ] ) 19th c./2nd half
EV (Viners Ltd -Edward Viner [ S ]) 20th c./2nd half
E.V (Viners Ltd -Edward Viner [ B ][ S ]) 20th c./1st half
EW gothic (Edward Wood [ L ] ) 18th c./1st half
EW gothic under a fleur de lys (Edward Wakelin [ L ]) entered 1747
EW into an oval (Emma Weil [ L ] ) end 19th c.
E.W.H (E W Haywood [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
HALLMARKS OF ENGLISH SILVER - MAKER'S MARK IDENTIFICATION
ALPHABETICAL LISTING
OF SILVERSMITHS' NAMES		 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
THE DIRECTORY OF CAPE SILVERSMITHS A - C D - I J - M N - T U - Z
THE DIRECTORY OF CHANNEL ISLANDS SILVERSMITHS A - F G - H I - P Q - Z unidentified makers
BRITISH TOWN MARKS AND DATE LETTERS
London town marks Birmingham town marks Dublin town marks Edinburgh town marks Sheffield town marks Exeter town marks
London Birmingham Dublin Edinburgh Sheffield Chester
The hallmarking of British silver is based on a combination of marks that makes possible the identification of the origin and the age of each piece.
The marks are:

Town mark, corresponding to the mark of the assay office that has verified the piece
London town mark Sheffield town mark Birmingham town mark Newcastle town mark Dublin town mark Edimburgh town mark Glasgow town mark

Lion's passant guardant or Britannia or lion's head erased certifiying the silver's quality
lion passant: 1598-1820 lion passant: after 1820 Britannia and lion's head erased: from 1697 to 1718
Maker's mark, identifying the silversmith presenting the piece to the assay office

Date letter, in cycles of twenty letters of the alphabet of different shape identifies the year in which the piece was verified by the assay office
London date letter 'a'
A further mark was used in the period 1784 - 1890:
Sovereign head ('duty mark'), certifying the payment of duty
Sovereign head: duty mark from 1784 to 1890
work in progress on this page - your help, corrections and suggestions will be greatly appreciated -