English silver hallmarks: British maker's marks identification I&-IG

	I & IW over & Co Waterhouse, Hodgson & Co , Sheffield 1822-1828 hallmark
	I&T.S. John & Thomas Settle, Sheffield 1824 hallmark
	IAS over McKAY into a circle IAS McKay, apprentice of Alexander Gardner in 1783. Freeman in 1793. Held as apprentice William Beattie (freeman in 1840) Edinburgh 1810 hallmark
	IB John Bettridge, Birmingham 1830 hallmark
	IB James Beattie 1790 or John Boyer 1794 or Joseph Barnard 1798 or John Blake 1803 or John Bunn 1806 or John Blades 1812 or John Brent 1820 or John Blades 1827 , London 1806 hallmark

	IC between two ladders and two shells Johannes Combrink, a Cape of Good Hope Colony silversmith. The son of Jan (Johannes) Combrink and Johanna Elizabeth Essler, baptized at the Cape on 3 June 1781. Married Aurelia Wilhelmina Lotter (1807). Died 9 November 1853. His son was silversmith/jeweller Johannes Combrink (baptized 1810, dead in 1873). Cape Colony 1820 c. hallmark
	IC Joseph Craddock, London 1826 hallmark
	I.C into rectangle John Cramer, mark entered 1797 London 1810 hallmark
	ID in script Jabez Daniel, London 1756 hallmark
	I blossom D John Delmester or Dempster, London 1762 and 1760 hallmark
	I.E into a rectangle John Edwards III, For a short time (1791) was in partnership with William Frisbee. Mark entered in 1788 London 1802 hallmark
	IE James England, Dublin 1820 hallmark
	IET John Edward Terrey & Co , London 1829 hallmark
	IF James Fray , Dublin 1818 hallmark
	I F into two conjoined circles John Wilmin Figg , London 1849 hallmark
	IF &SON over LTD into an oval Israel Freeman & Son Ltd, London 1984 hallmark
	I.G inside a rectangle John Gorham or Jeffrey Griffith, London 1732 hallmark
	IG in script under a crown R & S Garrard & Co -James Garrard-, London 1884 hallmark A business founded by John Wickes in 1722 and still active in present days ... MORE....
	IH not identified, uninscribed Channell Islands maker (also JH) - ref. Channel Islands Silver, pag. 66, table 34 Guernesey 1730-1780 c. hallmark
	IH John Harris, London 1823 hallmark
	I over I.D over M Jabez Daniel & James Mince , London 1770 hallmark
	IK over a rose between two pellets not identified, London 2nd half 17th century hallmark
	IK into a rectangle Jasper Kelly, 145 Strand, London - entered 6 May 1779 London 1779 hallmark
	I.K into a chamfered rectangle John King, Mark entered 1775 London 1783 hallmark
	IL John Lias, a predecessor of Wakely & Wheeler....more.... London 1808 hallmark
	IL John Lias, a predecessor of Wakely & Wheeler....more.... London 1813 hallmark
	IL into a shield Isadore Leapman , Birmingham 1908 hallmark
	IL John Littlewood, West Bargreen Worshops Sheffield 1828 hallmark
	I.L under a circle John Langlands I, Newcastle 1757 hallmark
	I.L into a rectangle John Lambe, London 1782 hallmark
	I.L into an oval John Lambe, London 1784 hallmark
	I.L Jan Lotter, a Cape of Good Hope Colony silversmith. Possibly Johannes Matthias Lotter (1759) son of Johannes Casparus Lotter (1737). Activity documented 1813/1817 Cape Colony 1815 c. hallmark

	I.L.B James Le Bas, Dublin 1831 hallmark
	I.L C not identified, London 1868 hallmark
	IL over HL over CL John & Henry & Charles Lias, a predecessor of Wakely & Wheeler....more.... London 1828 hallmark
	I.L over I.R John Langlands I & John Robertson Newcastle 1812 hallmark (imported silver)
	I.M into a rectangle John Munns - possibly- London 1761 hallmark (imported silver)
	IM into an oval Isaac Manheim London 1902 hallmark (imported silver)
	IM NB and English pseudo hallmarks John Munro, a Canada silversmith New Glasgow - New Brunswick 1813-1864 mark
	I.O into a chamfered rectangle John Oxley, Charles Street, Sheffield. Mark entered in 1841 Sheffield 1864 hallmark
	IP into a rectangle not identified Birmingham 1893 hallmark
	I.P over W.P Pittway Bros -John & William Pittway London 1861 hallmark Business of John Pittway and William Pittway at 4 Kirby Street, Hatton Garden, London as Pittway Brothers. The partnership was dissolved in 1861 and continued by William Tween and Frederick Purnell.
	IR and English pseudo-hallmarks J. Ross, a Canada silversmith Halifax - Nova Scotia 1818 mark
	IR John Reily London 1808 hallmark
	I.R & Co into an oblong rectangle John Roberts & Co John Roberts, Samuel Mosley & John Settle. Eyre Street, Sheffield. Mark entered in 1805 London 1808 hallmark
	IR over IW John Robertson II & John Walton Newcastle 1819 hallmark
	IS Birmingham 1936 hallmark
	I.S over G into a shield Israel Sigmond Greenberg, Birmingham 1902 hallmark

	I.S James Scott Dublin 1822 hallmark
	I.S.G S Greenberg & Co -Israel Sigmond Greenberg- Birmingham 1916 hallmark Sheffield 1910 hallmark Israel Sigmond Greenberg, listed in 1884 at 44 Frederick Street Birmingham, moved as I.S. Greenberg & Co to Vyse Street, Birmingham in 1889. The firm was converted in 1909 to a limited liability company under the style I.S. Greeberg & Co Ltd.
	I.S over T.S John & Thomas Settle, Gunn & Co Sheffield 1827 hallmark
	IT John Turner Birmingham 1797 hallmark in 1797 the duty on silver was doubled and for a short time the King's head was duplicated
	IT James Tweedie or John Touliet London 1784
	IT into a rectangle John Thornton Birmingham 1802
	IT into a rectangle Joseph Thredder or James Trender London 1810
	I.T Joseph Taylor Birmingham 1803 hallmark
	ITY over &Co into a square J T Younge Walker & Co Union Street, Sheffield. Mark entered in 1797 Sheffield 1809 hallmark
	I.W into a rectangle John Watson Plate Worker, Furnace Hill, Sheffield mark entered September 24, 1794. From July 15, 1797, for nine months, the King's Head was duplicated owing to the Duty being doubled. Note also different Town and Date marks Sheffield 1797 hallmark.
	I.W into a rectangle John Wakefield London 1822 hallmark
	IW in script John James Whiting (died 1855) & John Whiting, London 1847 hallmark
	IW John Walton, Newcastle 1813 hallmark
	IW Joseph Wilson or John Wakefield London 1835 hallmark
	IW John Wright Newcastle 1843 hallmark
	IW in script John James Whiting London 1856 hallmark London 1834 hallmark

HALLMARKS OF ENGLISH SILVER - MAKER'S MARK IDENTIFICATION

IMAGES

A&
AC

AD
AK

AL
AZ

B&
BB

BC
BO

BP
BZ

C&
CA

CB
CC

CD
CF

CG
CL

CM
CS

CT
CZ

D&
DB

DC
DL

DM
DZ

E&
EA

EB
ED

EE
EH

EI
EO

EP
EZ

F&
FD

FE
FJ

FK
FZ

G&
GB

GC
GG

GH
GL

GM
GR

GS
GZ

IMAGES

H&
H&

HA
HB

HC
HE

HF
HL

HM
HU

HV
HZ

I&
IG

IH
IL

IM
IZ

J&
JA

JB
JC

JD
JG

JH
JK

JL
JQ

JR
JR

JS
JS

JT
JZ

KA
KZ

L&
LB

LC
LZ

M&
MB

MC
MI

MJ
MZ

N&
NZ

OA
OZ

P&
PK

PL
PZ

QA
QZ

IMAGES

R&
RB

RC
RG

RH
RK

RL
RQ

RR
RZ

S&
SB

SC
SI

SJ
SR

SS
SZ

T&
TC

TD
TG

TH
TN

TO
TS

TT
TZ

UA
UZ

V&
VZ

W&
WA

WB
WB

WC
WC

WD
WE

WF
WG

WH
WL

WM
WM

WN
WR

WS
WS

WT
XZ

YA
YZ

ZA
ZZ

THE DIRECTORY OF MAKERS' MARKS

AA
AE

AF
AZ

BA
BZ

CA
CH

CK
CZ

DA
DZ

EA
EZ

FA
FZ

GA
GZ

HA
HG

HH
HZ

IA
IG

IH
IZ

JA
JC

JD
JH

JJ
JP

JQ
JS

ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF MARKS

JT
JZ

KA
LZ

MA
MZ

NA
PA

PB
PZ

QA
RH

RK
RZ

SA
SG

SH
SZ

TA
TH

TI
TZ

UA
WB

WC
WF

WG
WL

WM
WS

WT
ZZ

ALPHABETICAL LISTING
OF SILVERSMITHS' NAMES

ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF NAMES

18th CENTURY

19th CENTURY

20th CENTURY

PER TOWN

CAPE SILVERSMITHS A - C D - I J - M N - T U - Z

CHANNEL ISLANDS SILVERSMITHS A - F G - H I - P Q - Z unidentified

CANADA SILVERSMITHS A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

BRITISH TOWN MARKS AND DATE LETTERS

London Birmingham Dublin Edinburgh Sheffield Chester

go to www.silvercollection.it hallmarks section:
Russia - Italy - France - England - Germany - miscellany -
American Silver Plate - English Electroplate silver - Old Sheffied Plate -
Elkington - Georg Jensen - Gorham Corporation - Tiffany & Co - WMF - Reed & Barton -

The hallmarking of British silver is based on a combination of marks that makes possible the identification of the origin and the age of each piece.
The marks are:

Town mark, corresponding to the mark of the assay office that has verified the piece

Lion's passant guardant or Britannia or lion's head erased certifiying the silver's quality

Maker's mark, identifying the silversmith presenting the piece to the assay office

Date letter, in cycles of twenty letters of the alphabet of different shape identifies the year in which the piece was verified by the assay office

A further mark was used in the period 1784 - 1890:
Sovereign head ('duty mark'), certifying the payment of duty

work in progress on this page - your help, corrections and suggestions will be greatly appreciated -

WITH THE ADDITION OF SCOTTISH, IRISH, CHANNEL ISLANDS AND COLONIES SILVERMITHS

I & IW over & CoWaterhouse, Hodgson & Co , Sheffield 1822-1828 hallmark

IBJames Beattie 1790 or John Boyer 1794 or Joseph Barnard 1798 or John Blake 1803 or John Bunn 1806 or John Blades 1812 or John Brent 1820 or John Blades 1827 , London 1806 hallmark

ICJoseph Craddock, London 1826 hallmark

I.C into rectangleJohn Cramer,mark entered 1797 London 1810 hallmark

I.E into a rectangleJohn Edwards III,For a short time (1791) was in partnership with William Frisbee. Mark entered in 1788 London 1802 hallmark

IEJames England, Dublin 1820 hallmark

IETJohn Edward Terrey & Co , London 1829 hallmark

IF James Fray , Dublin 1818 hallmark

I F into two conjoined circles John Wilmin Figg , London 1849 hallmark

IF &SON over LTD into an oval Israel Freeman & Son Ltd, London 1984 hallmark

IG in script under a crownR & S Garrard & Co -James Garrard-, London 1884 hallmark A business founded by John Wickes in 1722 and still active in present days ... MORE....

IHnot identified, uninscribed Channell Islands maker (also JH) - ref. Channel Islands Silver, pag. 66, table 34 Guernesey 1730-1780 c. hallmark

IHJohn Harris, London 1823 hallmark

I over I.D over M Jabez Daniel & James Mince , London 1770 hallmark

IK over a rose between two pellets not identified, London 2nd half 17th century hallmark

IK into a rectangleJasper Kelly,145 Strand, London - entered 6 May 1779 London 1779 hallmark

I.K into a chamfered rectangleJohn King,Mark entered 1775London 1783 hallmark

IL John Lias,a predecessor of Wakely & Wheeler....more.... London 1808 hallmark

IL John Lias,a predecessor of Wakely & Wheeler....more.... London 1813 hallmark

IL into a shieldIsadore Leapman , Birmingham 1908 hallmark

IL John Littlewood,West Bargreen WorshopsSheffield 1828 hallmark

I.L under a circleJohn Langlands I, Newcastle 1757 hallmark

I.L into an ovalJohn Lambe, London 1784 hallmark

I.L.BJames Le Bas, Dublin 1831 hallmark

IL over HL over CL John & Henry & Charles Lias,a predecessor of Wakely & Wheeler....more.... London 1828 hallmark

I.L over I.RJohn Langlands I & John Robertson Newcastle 1812 hallmark (imported silver)

I.M into a rectangleJohn Munns - possibly- London 1761 hallmark (imported silver)

IM into an oval Isaac Manheim London 1902 hallmark (imported silver)

I.P over W.PPittway Bros -John & William PittwayLondon 1861 hallmark Business of John Pittway and William Pittway at 4 Kirby Street, Hatton Garden, London as Pittway Brothers. The partnership was dissolved in 1861 and continued by William Tween and Frederick Purnell.

IR John ReilyLondon 1808 hallmark

IR over IWJohn Robertson II & John Walton Newcastle 1819 hallmark

I.S over G into a shield Israel Sigmond Greenberg, Birmingham 1902 hallmark

I.SJames ScottDublin 1822 hallmark

I.S over T.SJohn & Thomas Settle, Gunn & Co Sheffield 1827 hallmark

ITJohn Turner Birmingham 1797 hallmarkin 1797 the duty on silver was doubled and for a short time the King's head was duplicated

ITJames Tweedie or John Touliet London 1784

IT into a rectangleJohn ThorntonBirmingham 1802

IT into a rectangleJoseph Thredder or James TrenderLondon 1810

I.TJoseph Taylor Birmingham 1803 hallmark

I.W into a rectangleJohn Watson Plate Worker, Furnace Hill, Sheffieldmark entered September 24, 1794. From July 15, 1797, for nine months, the King's Head was duplicated owing to the Duty being doubled. Note also different Town and Date marks Sheffield 1797 hallmark.

I.W into a rectangleJohn WakefieldLondon 1822 hallmark

IWJoseph Wilson or John Wakefield London 1835 hallmark

IWJohn WrightNewcastle 1843 hallmark

go to www.silvercollection.it hallmarks section: Russia - Italy - France - England - Germany - miscellany - American Silver Plate - English Electroplate silver - Old Sheffied Plate - Elkington - Georg Jensen - Gorham Corporation - Tiffany & Co - WMF - Reed & Barton -

The hallmarking of British silver is based on a combination of marks that makes possible the identification of the origin and the age of each piece. The marks are: Town mark, corresponding to the mark of the assay office that has verified the piece

Lion's passant guardant or Britannia or lion's head erased certifiying the silver's quality

Maker's mark, identifying the silversmith presenting the piece to the assay office Date letter, in cycles of twenty letters of the alphabet of different shape identifies the year in which the piece was verified by the assay office

A further mark was used in the period 1784 - 1890: Sovereign head ('duty mark'), certifying the payment of duty

work in progress on this page - your help, corrections and suggestions will be greatly appreciated -

I & IW over & Co
Waterhouse, Hodgson & Co ,
Sheffield 1822-1828 hallmark

IB
James Beattie 1790 or John Boyer 1794 or Joseph Barnard 1798 or John Blake 1803 or John Bunn 1806 or John Blades 1812 or John Brent 1820 or John Blades 1827 ,
London 1806 hallmark

IC
Joseph Craddock,
London 1826 hallmark

I.C into rectangle
John Cramer,
mark entered 1797
London 1810 hallmark

I.E into a rectangle
John Edwards III,
For a short time (1791) was in partnership with William Frisbee. Mark entered in 1788
London 1802 hallmark

IE
James England,
Dublin 1820 hallmark

IET
John Edward Terrey & Co ,
London 1829 hallmark

IF
James Fray ,
Dublin 1818 hallmark

I F into two conjoined circles
John Wilmin Figg ,
London 1849 hallmark

IF &SON over LTD into an oval
Israel Freeman & Son Ltd,
London 1984 hallmark

IG in script under a crown
R & S Garrard & Co -James Garrard-,
London 1884 hallmark
A business founded by John Wickes in 1722 and still active in present days ... MORE....

IH
not identified,
uninscribed Channell Islands maker (also JH) - ref. Channel Islands Silver, pag. 66, table 34
Guernesey 1730-1780 c. hallmark

IH
John Harris,
London 1823 hallmark

I over I.D over M
Jabez Daniel & James Mince ,
London 1770 hallmark

IK over a rose between two pellets
not identified,
London 2nd half 17th century hallmark

IK into a rectangle
Jasper Kelly,
145 Strand, London - entered 6 May 1779
London 1779 hallmark

I.K into a chamfered rectangle
John King,
Mark entered 1775
London 1783 hallmark

IL
John Lias,
a predecessor of Wakely & Wheeler....more....
London 1808 hallmark

IL
John Lias,
a predecessor of Wakely & Wheeler....more....
London 1813 hallmark

IL into a shield
Isadore Leapman ,
Birmingham 1908 hallmark

IL
John Littlewood,
West Bargreen Worshops
Sheffield 1828 hallmark

I.L under a circle
John Langlands I,
Newcastle 1757 hallmark

I.L into an oval
John Lambe,
London 1784 hallmark

I.L.B
James Le Bas,
Dublin 1831 hallmark

IL over HL over CL
John & Henry & Charles Lias,
a predecessor of Wakely & Wheeler....more....
London 1828 hallmark

I.L over I.R
John Langlands I & John Robertson
Newcastle 1812 hallmark (imported silver)

I.M into a rectangle
John Munns - possibly-
London 1761 hallmark (imported silver)

IM into an oval
Isaac Manheim
London 1902 hallmark (imported silver)

I.P over W.P
Pittway Bros -John & William Pittway
London 1861 hallmark
Business of John Pittway and William Pittway at 4 Kirby Street, Hatton Garden, London as Pittway Brothers. The partnership was dissolved in 1861 and continued by William Tween and Frederick Purnell.

IR
John Reily
London 1808 hallmark

IR over IW
John Robertson II & John Walton
Newcastle 1819 hallmark

I.S over G into a shield
Israel Sigmond Greenberg,
Birmingham 1902 hallmark

I.S
James Scott
Dublin 1822 hallmark

I.S over T.S
John & Thomas Settle, Gunn & Co
Sheffield 1827 hallmark

IT
John Turner
Birmingham 1797 hallmark
in 1797 the duty on silver was doubled and for a short time the King's head was duplicated

IT
James Tweedie or John Touliet
London 1784

IT into a rectangle
John Thornton
Birmingham 1802

IT into a rectangle
Joseph Thredder or James Trender
London 1810

I.T
Joseph Taylor
Birmingham 1803 hallmark

I.W into a rectangle
John Watson
Plate Worker, Furnace Hill, Sheffield
mark entered September 24, 1794. From July 15, 1797, for nine months, the King's Head was duplicated owing to the Duty being doubled. Note also different Town and Date marks
Sheffield 1797 hallmark.

I.W into a rectangle
John Wakefield
London 1822 hallmark

IW
Joseph Wilson or John Wakefield
London 1835 hallmark

IW
John Wright
Newcastle 1843 hallmark

go to www.silvercollection.it hallmarks section:
Russia - Italy - France - England - Germany - miscellany -
American Silver Plate - English Electroplate silver - Old Sheffied Plate -
Elkington - Georg Jensen - Gorham Corporation - Tiffany & Co - WMF - Reed & Barton -

The hallmarking of British silver is based on a combination of marks that makes possible the identification of the origin and the age of each piece.
The marks are:

Town mark, corresponding to the mark of the assay office that has verified the piece

Maker's mark, identifying the silversmith presenting the piece to the assay office

Date letter, in cycles of twenty letters of the alphabet of different shape identifies the year in which the piece was verified by the assay office

A further mark was used in the period 1784 - 1890:
Sovereign head ('duty mark'), certifying the payment of duty