HALLMARKS OF ENGLISH SILVER DIRECTORY
MAKER'S MARK IDENTIFICATION

WITH THE ADDITION OF SCOTTISH, IRISH, CHANNEL ISLANDS AND COLONIES SILVERMITHS
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BRITISH SILVERSMITHS - ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF MARKS: JQ-JS
ALPHABETICAL LISTING
OF SILVERSMITHS' NAMES		 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
  [B] = BIRMINGHAM    [C] = CHESTER  [D] = DUBLIN  [E] = EDINBURGH  [EX] = EXETER  [G] = GLASGOW   
[L] = LONDON  [N] = NEWSCASTLE   [S] = SHEFFIELD   [Y] = YORK
(lower-case letter denote smaller ones but they may be capital letters)
CLICK ON THE YELLOW NAME FOR MAKER'S MARK IMAGE and ON THE GREEN NAME FOR INFORMATION
JQJ (Jaques Quesnel [JERSEY] ) c. 1850
JR in script under a star (John Robinson II [L ] ) 18th c./1st half.
JR in script into a rectangle (John Rich [ L ] ) entered 1765
JR into an oval (John Russell [ G ] ) entered 1845
JR (James Ross [ G ] ) mid 19th c.
JR (Joseph Rodgers & Sons [ S ] ) end 19th c/beginning 20th c.
JR (Julius (Judah) Rosenthal [ L ] ) end 19th c.
JR into an oval (John Round & Son Ltd -Joseph Ridge- [ S ] ) 19th c./2nd half- 20th c./1st half
JR star and cross (Joseph Rodgers & Sons [ S ]) end 19th c/beginning 20th c.
JR into an indented oval (Joshua Richards [B][C]) beginning 20th c.
J R into two squares (John Rose [ B ] ) 20th c.
JR in gothic (James Robinson [ L ] ) 20th c./2nd half
JR into an oval (James Richardson [ C ] ) entered 1876
JR into a lozenge (Arthur James Ramsay [ L ] ) entered 1900
JR into a shield (Joseph Henry Raymond [ L ] ) entered 1900

J.R star and cross into a shield (Joseph Rodgers & Sons [ S ]) end 19th c/beginning 20th c.
J.R (Joseph Rodgers & Sons [ S ] ) end 19th c/beginning 20th c.
J.R into an oval (John Round & Son Ltd -Joseph Ridge-[ C ][ L ][ S] ) end 19th c/beginning 20th c.
J.R (James Ross [ G ] ) mid 19th c.
J.R into an oval (James Richardson [ C ] ) entered 1875
J.R (J A Rhodes [ S ] ) 19th c./2nd half
J.R (John Ross [ C ]) end 19th c.
J.R into a trefoil (Rosenzweig, Taitelbaum & Co -Jacob Rozenzweig- [ L ] ) 20th c./1st half
JR&S (James Rettie & Son [ E ] ) 19th c./2nd half
J.R &S (Joseph Rodgers & Sons [ S ] ) end 19th c/beginning 20th c.
J.R&S (not identified [ E ] ) ) 1884
JR & Sn Ld (John Round & Son Limited [ L ] )
J.R&W.L into a chamfered rectangle (J R & W Laing -James Rankine Laing & William Laing- [ G ] ) beginning 20th c.
JRB into an indented rectangle (John Reginald Burrows [B ] ) end 20th c./beginning 21th c.
J over RCoA over Ld into a quatrefoil (Jay, Richard Attenborough Co Ltd [ B ][ C ][ L ][ S ] ) 20th c./1st half
JRG&S into five separate squares (J R Gaunt & Son [ B ]) 20th c.
JRH (John Robert Harris [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
JRO &Sns over Ltd into a trefoil (J R Ogden & Sons Ltd [ L ][ S ] ) 20th c./1st half
JR over SJ (Rosenthal, Jacob & Co -Julius (Judah) Rosenthal & Samuel Jacob [ L ]) 19th c./2nd half
JS in script (Joseph Sanders [ L ]) 18th c./1st half
JS in script into a rectangle (John Schuppe [ L ]) entered 1753
J 'star' S (John Spackman II [ L ]) 18th c./1st half
JS into a shaped contour (John Sutter [ C ][ E ][ N ] ) mid 19th c.
JS into a shield (John Smyth or Smith [ D ] ) mid 19th c.
JS various shapes (John Stone [ EX ] ) 19th c./1st half.
JS (John Shea [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half.
JS (John Sanders [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
JS (Josiah Snatt [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
JS (James Smith -possibly- [ E ] ) 19th c./1st half
JS (John Sanders [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half.
JS into a shield (Jack Spencer [ S ] ) 20th c./2nd half.
JS into a chamfered rectangle (not identified [ L ] ) 2008
JS into an oval (John Stone [ C ] [ L ] ) end 19th c./ 20th c./1st half
JS into a shield (Joseph Smith & Sons (Birmingham) Ltd [ B ] [ C ] ) 20th c.
J.S (John Shiels [ D ] ) 18th c./2nd half.
J.S (not identified [ D ] ) end 18th c./ 19th c./1st half
J.S into a chamfered rectangle (not identified [ D ] ) 1861

J.S (John Smith [ D ] ) 19th c./2nd half- 20th c./1st half
J.S (Stevenson & Law [ S ] ) end 19th c./beginning 20th c.
J.S (John Stone [ EX ] ) 19th c./1st half.
J.S into a chamfered rectangle (John George Smith [ L ] ) entered 1897
J.S (James Swann [ B ] ) end 19th c./beginning 20th c.
JS over &S into a shield (J Sherwood & Sons [ B ] ) 19th c./2nd half/ 20th c./1st half
JS over &S (John Sanderson & Son Ltd [ S ] ) 20th c./1st half
J.S &S or JS&S (James Swann & Son [ B ] ) 20th c.
JS over AS into a rectangle (Joseph II & Albert Savory [ L ] ) entered 1835
JSB into three circles (John Septimus Beresford [ L ] ) 19th c./2nd half.
jSh into a shield (Joseph & Horace Savory [ L ] ) 19th c./2nd half
JSH without frame (John Sutherland Hawes [ L ] ) 20th c./2nd half
The hallmarking of British silver is based on a combination of marks that makes possible the identification of the origin and the age of each silver piece manufactured or traded in the UK. The marks are:

Town mark, corresponding to the mark of the Assay Office that has verified the piece
London town mark Sheffield town mark Birmingham town mark Newcastle town mark Dublin town mark Edinburgh town mark Glasgow town mark

Lion passant guardant or Britannia or lion's head erased, certifiying the silver quality
lion passant: 1598-1820 lion passant: after 1820 Britannia and lion's head erased: from 1697 to 1718
Maker's mark, identifying the silversmith presenting the piece to the assay office (usually the initials of Christian name and surname of the silversmith)

Date letter, in cycles of twenty letters of the alphabet of different shape identifies the year in which the piece was verified by the Assay Office
London date letter 'a'
A further mark was used in the period 1784 - 1890:
Sovereign head ('duty mark'), certifying the payment of the duty
Sovereign head: duty mark from 1784 to 1890
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