HALLMARKS OF ENGLISH SILVER
MAKER'S MARK IDENTIFICATION

WITH THE ADDITION OF SCOTTISH, IRISH, CHANNEL ISLANDS AND COLONIES SILVERMITHS
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BRITISH SILVERSMITHS - ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF MARKS: HA-HG
ALPHABETICAL LISTING
OF SILVERSMITHS' NAMES		 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
  [B] = BIRMINGHAM    [C] = Chester   [D] = DUBLIN  [E] = EDIMBURGH  [EX] = EXETER  [G] = GLASGOW    [L] = LONDON  [N] = NEWSCASTLE   
[S] = SHEFFIELD   [Y] = YORK
(lower-case letter denote smaller ones but they may be capital letters)
CLICK ON THE YELLOW NAME FOR MAKER'S MARK IMAGE
H&A (Horton & Allday [B][C] ) end 19th c./20th c./1st half
H&CO into a trefoil (Hamilton & Co [ Calcutta ])
H over & over Co into a heart (Hamilton & Co [B][L] ) 20th c./1st half
H over & over Co in vertical into two squares (Hayes & Co [B] ) 20th c./1st half
H& Co Ltd into three circles (Heming & Co Ltd -now Bruford & Heming- [L] ) 20th c./1st half
H& Co over Ltd (Hemming & Co Limited [ L ] )
H&F into an oval (not identified) Sheffield 1954
H&H (Hastelow & Harlow [B] ) 19th c./1st half
H&H into three circles (Hukin & Heath Ltd [B][L][S] ) 19th c./2nd half - 20th c./1st half
H&H (Harrison & Hipwood [B] ) 20th c./1st half
H (&) H into an oval (Hukin & Heath Ltd [B] [L]) end 19th c./20th c./1st half
H& H (Howard & Hawksworth [S] ) entered 1835
H&H into an oblong rectangle (not identified [D] ) Dublin 1920
H&H Ld (Hasset & Harper Ltd [B] ) 20th c./1st half

H&I into a cut corner rectangle (Hamilton & Inches [ E ] ) 19th c./2nd half
H&I in script (Hamilton & Inches [ E ] ) end 19th c./20th c.
H&I (Hamilton & Inches [ E ] ) end 19th c./20th c.
H&L (Hamilton & Laidlaw [ G ] ) 19th c./2nd half
H&L (not identified) London 1963
H&N (Hollman & Norton [B] ) 20th c./1st half
H&P and English pseudo-hallmarks (Hosterman & Parker [CANADA] ) 1813
H&R (Haseler & Restall [ B ] ) mid 20th c.
H&R over Ltd (Hunt & Roskell Limited [ L ] ) end 19th c./20th c./1st half
H&S (Hawksford & Son [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
H&S (Hayward & Stott -Scottish Silver- [ E ] ) 21th c.
H& T (Hilliard & Thomason [B][C] ) 19th c./2nd half
H&W (Hemming & Walton [B] ) 20th c./1st half
HA (Atkin Bros -Harry Atkin- [ S ]) 19th c./2nd half
HA over & over S (Holland, Aldwinckle &Slater [ L ] ) 20th c./1st half
H.A (Henry H Aston [B] ) 19th c./2nd half
H.A (Atkin Bros -Harry Atkin- [ S ] ) 20th c./1st half
HA over & over S into a pentagon (Holland Aldwinckle & Slater [ L ] ) entered 1905
HAMY and SI (William Hamy-retailer- and unidentified silversmith SI [ D ] ) 19th c./1st half
HAY (John Hay [ E ] ) 19th c./2nd half
HB (Henry Brind [ L ] ) 18th c./1st half
HB in script into an oblong chamfered rectangle (Henry Bailey -possibly- [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
HB in script (Hester Bateman [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
HB into a lozenge (Harrison Brothers - possibly - [ S ] ) 20th c./2nd half
H.B into a rectangle (Henry Bourne [ B ] ) 19th c./2nd half-20th c./1st half
HB&Co (H Bushell & Co Ltd [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
HBA (Henry John & Albert Edward Batson [ L ] ) end 19th c./20th c./1st half
H. BRs (Haseler Bros [ B ] ) 19th c./2nd half
H BRs into a shield (Hardy Bros [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
H Brs into an oval (Hardy Bros [ C ] ) 20th c./1st half
HBROS into five lozenges (Harman Bros [ B ] ) 20th c.
HC into an oval (Henry Chawner [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
HC into a rectangle (Henry Chawner [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
HC into a rectangle (Henry Chawner [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
HC in script (Harold Child [ L ] ) 20th c./1st half
H.C (Henry Corry [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
H.C (Henry Cook [ B ] ) end 19th c.
HC&S Ltd (Henry Cooper & Sons Ltd [C] ) beginning 20th c.
H.C.A (not identified [B]) 1985
H over C.A over G (Charles Aldridge & Henry Geeen [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
HCD (Henry Clifford Davis [B]) 20th c./1st half
HCD into three conjoined circles (H Clifford Davis Ltd [B]) mid 20th c.
H.C.D (Henry Clifford Davis [B]) 20th c./1st half
H.C.F (Henry Charles Freeman [B]) 20th c./1st half
H.C.F into a shield (Henry Charles Freeman [ B ][ L ] ) end 19th c./ beginning 20th c.
HCF Ld (H C Freeman Ltd [B]) 20th c./1st half
HC over IE into an oval (Henry Chawner & Jonathan Eames [ L ] ) end 18th c.
H.D (Henry Day [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
H.D over C.D (Henry & Charles Day [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
HE in script (Henry Ellis [EX] ) mid 19th c.
HE in script into a shield (Harry Emanuel -trading as Emanuel Bros- [L] ) 19th c./2nd half
HE over & Co into a quatrefoil (Hawksworth, Eyre & Co -Charles Hawksworth & John Eyre- [ S] ) entered 1833
H.E &Co over Ld into a shield (Hawksworth, Eyre & Co Ltd [L][S]) end 19th c./20th c./1st half

HEB over FEB into a shield (Barker Bros -Herbert Edward Barker & Frank Ernest Barker- [C][S]) 20th c./1st half
H E in script over Ld (Hawksworth, Eyre & Co Ltd [C] [S] ) end 19th c./ 20th c. 1st half
HERON (John Heron [E][G] ) 19th c./1st half
HERON in script (John Heron [ E ] ) 19th c./1st half
HF (Rowlands & Frazer -Thomas Henry Frazer- [L] ) end 19th c./ beginning 20th c.
HF&.Co (H Fisher & Co [S] ) 20th c.
H.F.W (H F Withers [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
HG ( Henry Gardner [D] )[ L ]
HG (Hugh Gordon [ E ] ) 18th c./2nd half
HG (Henry Greenaway [L] ) 18th c./2nd half
HG (Henry S. Gilling [L] ) 19th c./2nd half
H.G &S (Henry Griffith & Sons [B][C][L] ) end 19th c./ 20th c.
HGH over SAP in script into a scalloped frame (Hicklenton & Sydal -H G Hicklenton & S A Phillips- [L] ) 20th c./1st half
HGM (Henry George Murphy [ L ] ) 20th c./1st half
HALLMARKS OF ENGLISH SILVER - MAKER'S MARK IDENTIFICATION
ALPHABETICAL LISTING
OF SILVERSMITHS' NAMES		 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
THE DIRECTORY OF CAPE SILVERSMITHS A - C D - I J - M N - T U - Z
THE DIRECTORY OF CHANNEL ISLANDS SILVERSMITHS A - F G - H I - P Q - Z unidentified makers
BRITISH TOWN MARKS AND DATE LETTERS
London town marks Birmingham town marks Dublin town marks Edinburgh town marks Sheffield town marks Exeter town marks
London Birmingham Dublin Edinburgh Sheffield Chester
The hallmarking of British silver is based on a combination of marks that makes possible the identification of the origin and the age of each piece.
The marks are:

Town mark, corresponding to the mark of the assay office that has verified the piece
London town mark Sheffield town mark Birmingham town mark Newcastle town mark Dublin town mark Edimburgh town mark Glasgow town mark

Lion's passant guardant or Britannia or lion's head erased certifiying the silver's quality
lion passant: 1598-1820 lion passant: after 1820 Britannia and lion's head erased: from 1697 to 1718
Maker's mark, identifying the silversmith presenting the piece to the assay office

Date letter, in cycles of twenty letters of the alphabet of different shape identifies the year in which the piece was verified by the assay office
London date letter 'a'
A further mark was used in the period 1784 - 1890:
Sovereign head ('duty mark'), certifying the payment of duty
Sovereign head: duty mark from 1784 to 1890
work in progress on this page - your help, corrections and suggestions will be greatly appreciated -