HALLMARKS OF ENGLISH SILVER
MAKER'S MARK IDENTIFICATION

WITH THE ADDITION OF SCOTTISH, IRISH, CHANNEL ISLANDS AND COLONIES SILVERMITHS
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BRITISH SILVERSMITHS - ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF MARKS: TA-TH
ALPHABETICAL LISTING
OF SILVERSMITHS' NAMES		 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
  [B] = BIRMINGHAM    [C] = Chester   [D] = DUBLIN  [E] = EDIMBURGH  [EX] = EXETER  [G] = GLASGOW    [L] = LONDON  [N] = NEWSCASTLE   
[S] = SHEFFIELD   [Y] = YORK
(lower-case letter denote smaller ones but they may be capital letters)
CLICK ON THE YELLOW NAME FOR MAKER'S MARK IMAGE
T & Co (Tennent & Co [ G ] ) end 19th c.
T& Co. (Tiffany & Co [ B ][L ][ S ] ) 20th c./2nd half
T&I. S. (Thomas & John Settle [ S ] ) 19th c./1st half
T& JB (T & J Bragg Ltd [ B ] ) end 19th c./ beginning 20th c.
T&J S in script (Thomas & James Creswick [ S ] ) 19th c./1st half
T&M (Thomas & Marshall -Horace Thomas & Walter Marshall [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
T&P into an oval (Joseph Taylor & John Perry [ B ] ) 19th c./1st half
T & S into three squares (E J Trevitt & Sons [ B ][ C ] ) 20th c./1st half
T& S into three lozenges (Turner & Somers [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
T & S into three conjoined circles (Turner & Simpson [ B ]) 20th c.
T&T (Thropp & Taylor [ B ] ) 19th c./1st half
T&W (Tudor & Whitford [ D ] ) 19th c./1st half
T.A& M.A.R (T A & M A Randle [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
T.A.R. over F.J.R. over C.L.R. into a shield (Reid & Sons -Thomas Arthur Reid, Francis James Langford & Christian Leopold Reid- [ L ] ) 20th c./1st half
TB (Thomas Blake [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
TB (Thomas Bartleet [ B ] ) 19th c./1st half
TB (Thomas Wilkes Barker [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
TB into two circles (Thomas Baker [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
TB into two circles (Thomas Balliston [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
TB into an oval (Thomas Bamford [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
T.B (Thomas Wilkes Barker [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
T.B (Thomas Byne (possibly) [ EX ] ) 19th c./1st half
T.B into an oval (T Beardsmore [ B ] ) end 19th c./beginning 20th c.
T.B (Thomas Bishton [ B ]) 20th c./1st half)
T.B into a shield (Thomas Bradbury & Sons [ L ] ) end 19th c./ beginning 20th c.

T.B over &S into a shield (Thomas Bradbury & Sons Ltd [ S ] ) 19th c./2nd half/beginning 20th c.
TB over &S into a shield (Thomas Bradbury & Sons [ S ] ) 19th c./2nd half/beginning 20th c.
TB over JH into a shield (Thomas Bradbury & Sons -Thomas Bradbury III & John S Henderson- [ L ][ S ]) 19th c./2nd half )
T Bs (Turner Bros [ B ] ) end 19th c.
T.Bs&.P (Thomas Bros & Packer [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
T.B&S (Thomas Bradbury & Son [ S ] ) 19th c./1st half
TBW (T B Wilkins Ltd [ B ] ) 19th c./2nd half
TC (Thomas Chawner [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
T cj(left) hw(right) into a shield (Thomas of New Bond Street [ L ] ) 20th c./1st half
T.C.S (T. Cox Savory [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
TCJ (Thomas Charles Jarvis [ L ]) 20th c./2nd half
T.C over J.W.C. into a shield (Cooper Brothers [ S ]) 19th c./2nd half-20th c.
T.C over W.C into a square (Thomas & William Chawner [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
TD into an oval (Thomas Daniel [ L ] ) end 18th c./ beginning 19th c.
TD in script into a circle (Thompson Davis [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
TD in script (Thomas Dealtry [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
TD (Thomas Dicks -possibly- [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
TD (Thomas Dones [ B ] ) mid 19th c.
TD into two squares (Thomas Ducrow [ B ] ) end 19th c./ beginning 20th c.
TD (Thomas Daniel [ L ]) 18th c./2nd half
T.D (Thomas Dicks [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
T.D into an indented rectangle (Thomas Diller [ L ] ) mid 19th c.
T.D & S (Thomas Ducrow & Sons [ B ] ) 20th c.
T.D over J.W (Thomas Daniel & John Wall [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
TE (T K Ebbutt [ E ] ) end 20th c.
TE in script (Thomas Eustace [ EX ] ) 18th c./2nd half
TE (Thomas Eustace [ EX ] ) 18th c./2nd half
TE (Thomas Evans [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
TE into a rectangle (Thomas Ellis [ L ] ) entered 1780
T.E (Thomas Edwards [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
T.E over A into a trefoil (Thomas E. Atkins [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
TE over B into a shield (T E Beardsmore [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
TE over GS into a quaterfoil (Thomas Eustace & George Smith III [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
TE over IL (Thomas Evans & Jacob Levi [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
T.E over R.S (Thomas Ellerton & Richard Sibley I [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
TEN (Thomas Edward Nalty [ L ] ) 19th c./2st half
TF (Thomas Farnett [ D ] ) 19th c./1st half
TF (Thomas Freeth [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
TF (Thomas Farnett [ D ]) 19th c./1st half
TF (Thomas Freeman [ B ] ) 19th c./1st half
TF into a cut corners square (Theo Fennell [ L ]) 20th c./2nd half
T.F (Thomas Fattorini and Thomas Fattorini Ltd [ B ] ) end 19th c.-20th c./1st half

TF & Co (not identified [ L ] ) 1928
TG (Thomas Graham [ L ] ) end 18th c.
TG into two octagon (Thomas Green [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
TG & Co into a shield (Thomas Goode & Company [ S ] ) 20th c./ 1st half
TG over IG over IC (T & J Guest & Joseph Craddock [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
TG over IW (Thomas Graham & Jacob Willis [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
TH in script (also under a crown) (Thomas Heming [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
TH (Thomas Hall -entered 1770- [ L ] ) end 18th c./ beginning 19th c.
TH (Thomas Hallows -entered 1771- [ L ] ) end 18th c./ beginning 19th c.
TH (Thomas Hyde -entered 1784- [ L ] ) end 18th c./ beginning 19th c.
TH (Thomas Hodge -entered 1787- [ L ] ) end 18th c./ beginning 19th c.
TH (Thomas Harper I -entered 1790- [ L ] ) end 18th c./ beginning 19th c.
TH (Thomas Hobbs -entered 1796- [ L ] ) end 18th c./ beginning 19th c.
TH (Thomas Holland II -entered 1798- [ L ] ) end 18th c./ beginning 19th c.
T.H (Thomas Halford [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
T.H into an oval (T Heatley [ B ] ) end 19th c./ beginning 20th c.
T.H (also into a heart) (Thomas Hayes [ B ] ) end 19th c./ beginning 20th c.
T.H into an oval (Thomas Heasley [ B ] ) end 19th c./ beginning 20th c.
T.H into a lozenge (Theodor Hartmann [L][S] ) end 19th c./ beginning 20th c.
TH over & S into a shield (T Harwood & Son [ B ] ) 19th c./2nd half
T.H.F over & over F.F (Thomas Henry Francis & Frederick Francis [ L ] ) 19th c./2nd half
TH over & over GH (Thomas & George Hayter [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
T.H.H (T.H. Hazlewood & Co [ B ]) end 19th c./ beginning 20th c.
THH & Co (T H Hazlewood & Co [ B ] ) end 19th c./ beginning 20th c.
THH over & Co into a shield (T H Hazlewood & Co [ B ] ) end 19th c./ beginning 20th c.
T.H.H (T H Hazlewood & Co [ B ] ) beginning 20th c.
TH over GH (Thomas & George Hayter [ L ] )
T.H.V (Thomas Henry Vale - Thomas H Vale Ltd [ B ] ) end 19th c./ beginning 20th c.
T.H over I.C (Thomas Hannam & John Crouch [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
T.H over R.M into a quatrefoil (Thomas Hannam & Richard Mills [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
HALLMARKS OF ENGLISH SILVER - MAKER'S MARK IDENTIFICATION
ALPHABETICAL LISTING
OF SILVERSMITHS' NAMES		 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
THE DIRECTORY OF CAPE SILVERSMITHS A - C D - I J - M N - T U - Z
THE DIRECTORY OF CHANNEL ISLANDS SILVERSMITHS A - F G - H I - P Q - Z unidentified makers
BRITISH TOWN MARKS AND DATE LETTERS
London town marks Birmingham town marks Dublin town marks Edinburgh town marks Sheffield town marks Exeter town marks
London Birmingham Dublin Edinburgh Sheffield Chester
The hallmarking of British silver is based on a combination of marks that makes possible the identification of the origin and the age of each piece.
The marks are:

Town mark, corresponding to the mark of the assay office that has verified the piece
London town mark Sheffield town mark Birmingham town mark Newcastle town mark Dublin town mark Edimburgh town mark Glasgow town mark

Lion's passant guardant or Britannia or lion's head erased certifiying the silver's quality
lion passant: 1598-1820 lion passant: after 1820 Britannia and lion's head erased: from 1697 to 1718
Maker's mark, identifying the silversmith presenting the piece to the assay office

Date letter, in cycles of twenty letters of the alphabet of different shape identifies the year in which the piece was verified by the assay office
London date letter 'a'
A further mark was used in the period 1784 - 1890:
Sovereign head ('duty mark'), certifying the payment of duty
Sovereign head: duty mark from 1784 to 1890
work in progress on this page - your help, corrections and suggestions will be greatly appreciated -