HALLMARKS OF ENGLISH SILVER
MAKER'S MARK IDENTIFICATION

WITH THE ADDITION OF SCOTTISH, IRISH, CHANNEL ISLANDS AND COLONIES SILVERMITHS
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BRITISH SILVERSMITHS - ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF MARKS: KA-LZ
ALPHABETICAL LISTING
OF SILVERSMITHS' NAMES		 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
  [B] = BIRMINGHAM    [C] = Chester   [D] = DUBLIN  [E] = EDIMBURGH  [EX] = EXETER  [G] = GLASGOW    [L] = LONDON  [N] = NEWSCASTLE   
[S] = SHEFFIELD   [Y] = YORK
(lower-case letter denote smaller ones but they may be capital letters)
CLICK ON THE YELLOW NAME FOR MAKER'S MARK IMAGE
K&D into two conjoined circles (not identified [S] ) 1939
K & H over Ltd into a lozenge (Kimberley & Hewett Ltd [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
K & N into three conjoined circles (not identified [B] ) 1907
K & P without frame (Kapp & Peterson [D] ) 20th c./1st half
K & S inside a rectangle (Kendall & Sons [L] ) 20th c./1st half
K.B (Kemp Bros [ B ][ C ] ) 20th c./1st half
KB (Kemp Bros [ L ] ) 20th c./1st half
KD (Ker & Dempster [ E ] ) mid 18th c.
K H into two lozenges (Kathrin Hardie [ L ] ) 21th c.
KHS (Keith Smith [ L ] ) 20th c./2nd half
KLd (Kigu Ltd [ L ]) 20th c./2nd half
K.Ltd (Kirwan & Co Ltd (possibly) [ B ] ) 20th c.
K over S I over A into an oval (Keswick School of Industrial Art [ B ][ C ][ E ] ) end of 19th c./20th c./1st half
KW over E C (Kitchen, Walker & Curr [ S ] ) 19th c./1st half

L&A.O into an oval (Louis & Alfred Orlik trading as L&A Orlik [ B ][ C ][ L ] ) beginning 20th c.
L &B (Law & Bayly [ D ] ) end 18th c.
L& C (Lea & Clark [ B ] ) 19th c./1st half
L& C (W.Lea & Co [ B ] ) 19th c./1st half
L&Co (John Lawrence -say Ledsam Vale & Co. be their authority- [ B ] ) 19th c./1st half
L&Co into three lozenges (Liberty & Co [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
L & over Co into a quatrefoil (Lawson & Co [ G ] ) 20th c./1st half
L & Co into an oval (Loewe & Co [L] ) end 19th c./beginning 20th c.
L&R (Lothian & Robertson [E ] ) 18th c./2nd half
L&R (John Langlands I & John Robertson [N ] ) 18th c./2nd half
L&S (Levi & Salaman -Phineas Harris Levi & Joseph Wolfe Salaman [ B ] [ C ] ) 20th c./1st half
LA (Lawrence Aitchison [ G ] ) mid 19th c.
LA under a crown under a star over a fleur de lys (Paul de Lamerie [ L ] ) entered 1713
LAC (Lionel Alfred Crichton -Crichton Brothers / Crichton & Co- [ C ][ L ] ) 20th c./1st half
LAW (William Law [ D ] ) 19th c.
L&R inside a rectangle (Lothian & Robertson [ E ]) mid 18th c.
LAW under a crown into a clover (West & Son -Langley Archer West- [ L ] ) end 19th c.
LAW and TT (William Law and Thomas Tudor [ D ]) 19th c./1st half
L.B (Leech Brothers [ B ]) 19th c./2nd half
L.B without frame (Louis Blumfeld trading as Adolph Frankau & Co Ltd [ B ][ L ]) end 19th c./beginning 20th c.
LB and English pseudo-hallmarks (Lodewyk Beck [CAPE] ) 1850 c.
LB over &Co and English pseudo-hallmarks (Lattery Brothers [Calcutta INDIA] ) end 19th c.
LB &Co (L Bennet & Co [ B ] ) end 19th c./beginning 20th c.
LC over & over C Ld into a quaterfoil (Liberty & Co Ltd [ B ] ) beginning 20th c.
L.D (Louis Ducomieu [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
L.D (Louis Dee [ L ] ) 19th c./2nd half
L.E (Lawrence Emanuel [ B ] ) end of 19th c./20th c./1st half
LE (Lawrence Emanuel [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
L.E.Mc.C (L E McCann [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
L.F.B&Co into a rectangle (L.F. Brenner & Co [ L ] ) 20th c./1st half
LG intertwined into a shield (Lambert & Co - George Lambert- [ L ] ) 19th c./2nd half
LGD (Leslie Durbin [ L ] ) 20th c./2nd half
L.H into an oval (Leopold Heinzelmann [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
LH and English pseudo-hallmarks (Louis Hulsman [CANADA] ) 1799-1815
LJM into a circle (L J Millington [ B ] ) end 20th c./beginning 21st c.
LK (Laurence Keary [ D ] ) 19th c./1st half
LL (Joseph Law, John Oxley & Henry Atkin [ S ] ) 19th c./1st half
LL into an oval (L. Links [ E ] ) 21st c.
L.Ltd (Lanson Ltd [ B ] ) 20th c.

LN (Laurence Nowlan [ D ] ) 19th c./1st half
LO under a 'key' over a dot (Nathaniel Lock [ L ] ) entered 1699
LP (Lewis Pantin [ L ] ) 18th c./1st half
L.P &A (Lloyd, Paine & Amiel [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
L.R (Loewe Rosenthal [ L ] ) end 19th c.
LS (Lewis Samuel [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
L.S (L Spiers [ B ] ) 19th c./2nd half
L.S &Co (L Smith & Co [ B ][ C ] ) 20th c./1st half
L.T and English pseudo-hallmarks (Lawrence Twentyman [CAPE] ) 1830 c.
LU (Leonard Urquhart [ E ] ) 19th c./1st half
L.V &W (Ledsam, Vale & Wheeler [ B ] ) 19th c./1st half
Ly & Co (Liberty & Co [ E ][ L ] ) 20th c.
HALLMARKS OF ENGLISH SILVER - MAKER'S MARK IDENTIFICATION
ALPHABETICAL LISTING
OF SILVERSMITHS' NAMES		 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
THE DIRECTORY OF CAPE SILVERSMITHS A - C D - I J - M N - T U - Z
THE DIRECTORY OF CHANNEL ISLANDS SILVERSMITHS A - F G - H I - P Q - Z unidentified makers
BRITISH TOWN MARKS AND DATE LETTERS
London town marks Birmingham town marks Dublin town marks Edinburgh town marks Sheffield town marks Exeter town marks
London Birmingham Dublin Edinburgh Sheffield Chester
The hallmarking of British silver is based on a combination of marks that makes possible the identification of the origin and the age of each piece.
The marks are:

Town mark, corresponding to the mark of the assay office that has verified the piece
London town mark Sheffield town mark Birmingham town mark Newcastle town mark Dublin town mark Edimburgh town mark Glasgow town mark

Lion's passant guardant or Britannia or lion's head erased certifiying the silver's quality
lion passant: 1598-1820 lion passant: after 1820 Britannia and lion's head erased: from 1697 to 1718
Maker's mark, identifying the silversmith presenting the piece to the assay office

Date letter, in cycles of twenty letters of the alphabet of different shape identifies the year in which the piece was verified by the assay office
London date letter 'a'
A further mark was used in the period 1784 - 1890:
Sovereign head ('duty mark'), certifying the payment of duty
Sovereign head: duty mark from 1784 to 1890
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