EUROPEAN COUNTRIES SILVER AND GOLD HALLMARKS
HUNGARY
A silver or gold object that is to be sold commercially is, in most countries, stamped with one or more hallmarks indicating the purity of the metal and the mark of the manufacturer or silversmith
The word "HALLMARK" derives from the fact that, since the 16th century, precious metals were sent to the London Goldsmiths' Hall for testing to ensure that the correct standard of silver had been used. The Goldsmiths' Hall was the headquarters of the Goldsmiths' Company and the home of the Assay Office.
In some countries, the testing of precious metal objects and marking of purity is controlled by a national assay office.
Depending on the national legislation the use of hallmarks may be compulsory, voluntary or provided by a manufacturer's declaration.
The present Hungarian hallmarking system is organized on a compulsory base.
Ottoman expansion shifted the Hungarian kingdom under the rule of the Habsburg emperors and after the conclusion of the Great Turkish War the whole of Hungary became part of the Habsburg Monarchy. Following the nationalist uprisings of 1848, the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 elevated Hungary's status by the creation of a joint monarchy with the Austrian Empire, ruled in personal union as Austria-Hungary by the Austrian emperors during 1867-1918.
After the First World War, the Central Powers enforced the dissolution of the Habsburg Monarchy and Hungary lost most of its territory. Afterwards a short-lived People's Republic was declared that was followed by a restored Kingdom of Hungary governed by the regent, Miklós Horthy, who officially represented the Hungarian monarchy of Charles IV. During all this period (1866-1937) Hungary used Austro-Hungarian silver hallmarks.
Between 1938 and 1941, Hungary recovered part of her lost territories. During World War II Hungary suffered German occupation (1944), followed by the Soviet occupation and the loss of the war. After World War II, the Second Hungarian Republic was established in Hungary's current-day borders, as a socialist People's Republic during 1949-1989 and as the Third Republic of Hungary under an amended version of the constitution of 1949 since October 1989, with a new constitution adopted in 2011. Hungary joined the European Union in 2004.
From 1937 five silver hallmarks change have been occurred, 1937, 1966, 1999, 2006 and the last in 2016. |
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BUDAPEST (PEST) HALLMARKS BEFORE 1866
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SILVER HALLMARKS 1866-1937
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY 1866-1918 AND HUNGARY 1918-1937
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Large works 1866-1937, town of Pest (P)
Other Hungarian town codes: P1 Eger - P5 Gyor - P6 Sopron - R4 Debrecen
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Small works 1866-1937, town of Pest
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Import marks, 1868 - 1937
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HUNGARY SILVER HALLMARKS 1937 - 1966
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Large works 1937 - 1966
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Small works 1937 - 1966
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Import marks, 1937 - 1966
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Other official marks, 1937 - 1966
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HUNGARY SILVER HALLMARKS 1966 - 1999
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Large works 1966 - 1999
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Small works 1966 - 1999
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Import marks, 1966 - 1999
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Other official marks, 1966 - 1999
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HUNGARY SILVER HALLMARKS 1999 - 2006
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Silver objects 1999 - 2006 A = date letter 1999 - 2006
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HUNGARY SILVER HALLMARKS 2006 - 2016
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Silver objects 2006 - 2016 B = date letter 2006 - 2016
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HUNGARY SILVER HALLMARKS FROM 1.1.2016
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Silver objects from 1.1.2016 C = date letter from 1.1.2016
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HUNGARY OTHER PRECIOUS METALS HALLMARKS FROM 1.1.2016
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Gold, Platinum and Palladium hallmarks from 1.1.2016 C = date letter from 1.1.2016
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HALLMARKING CONVENTION
Hungary is from 2006 a country member of the Convention on the Control and Marking of Articles of Precious Metals, an international treaty between States on the cross border trade in precious metal articles. It was signed in Vienna in November 1972 and entered into force in 1975.
The Convention's Common Control Mark (CCM) has the same legal status as a national Assay Office mark. The CCM is applied by national Assay Offices to articles of platinum, gold, palladium and silver after the fineness of the alloy has been checked in accordance with agreed testing methods.
Articles bearing the CCM - together with the national Assay Office Mark, the responsibility mark (manufacturer or sponsor) and the fineness mark indicating its purity - do not have to be re-controlled or re-marked in the states members of the Convention.
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