HALLMARKS OF ENGLISH SILVER
MAKER'S MARK IDENTIFICATION

WITH THE ADDITION OF SCOTTISH, IRISH, CHANNEL ISLANDS AND COLONIES SILVERMITHS
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BRITISH SILVERSMITHS - ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF MARKS: IH-IZ
ALPHABETICAL LISTING
OF SILVERSMITHS' NAMES		 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
  [B] = BIRMINGHAM    [C] = Chester   [D] = DUBLIN  [E] = EDIMBURGH  [EX] = EXETER  [G] = GLASGOW    [L] = LONDON  [N] = NEWSCASTLE   
[S] = SHEFFIELD   [Y] = YORK
(lower-case letter denote smaller ones but they may be capital letters)
CLICK ON THE YELLOW NAME FOR MAKER'S MARK IMAGE
I.H (J Hilliard [ B ] ) 19th c./1st half
I.H (James Hine [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
I.H (Joshua Hardy [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
IH (not identified [GUERNESEY] ) 1730-1780c.
IH under a crown (John Hamilton [ D ] ) 18th c./1st half
IH into a circle (John Harris [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
IH (John Harris [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
IH in script (John Holland [ L ] ) 18th c./1st half
IH in script (J Henzell -possibly Jacksons- [ D ] ) 19th c./1st half
IH over Co (J Hoyland & Co [ S] )
IH & Co (J Hoyland & Co [ S] )
I H over & over R R under a crown (John Hunt & Robert Roskell [ L ] ) 19th c./2nd half
IHD (James Henry Daniel [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
I.H.D (James Henry Daniel [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
IH over IP (John Hampston & John Prince [ Y] )
I.I (Joseph Jackson [ D ] ) 19th c./1st half
I over I.D over M into a cross (Jabez Daniel & James Mince [ L ] ) entered 1766
IJ (John Jones [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
I.J.K (John James Keith [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half

IK over a rose between two pellets (not identified) London 17th c./2nd half
IK (John Kerschner [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
IK (James Ker [ E ] ) 18th c./1st half
IK into a rectangle (Jasper Kelly [ L ]) entered 1779
IK in script (Joseph Kinselagh [ D ] ) 19th c./1st half
I.K into a chamfered rectangle (John King [ L ]) entered 1775
I.K (John Keith [ L ] ) 19th c./2nd half
I.K (James Keating [ D ] ) 19th c./1st half
IKIW&Co (James) Kirkby, Joseph) Waterhouse & Co [ S] ) 19th c./1st half
IKIW over &Co (James Kirkby, Joseph Waterhouse & Co [ S] ) 19th c./1st half
I K over RS (John Keith & Richard Stiff [ L ] )
IL (John Littlewood [ S ]) 19th c./1st half
IL (John Lias [ L ]) 19th c./1st half
IL (John Lias [ L ]) 19th c./1st half
IL into a shield (Isadore Leapman [ B ]) end 19th c./beginning 20th c.
I.L (John Laughlin [ D ] ) mid 18th c.
I.L into a rectangle (John Lambe [ L ]) 18th c./2nd half
I.L into an oval (John Lambe [ L ]) 18th c./2nd half
I.L under a circle (John Langlands I [ N ]) 18th c./2nd half
I.L (John Langlands II [ N ] ) beginning 19th c.
I.L (Joseph Law [ S ] ) 19th c./1st half
I.L (Jan Lotter [CAPE] ) 1815 c.
I.L.B (James Le Bas [ D ] ) 19th c./1st half
I.L C (not identified [ L ] ) 1868
IL over HL (John & Henry Lias [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
IL over HL over CL (John & Henry & Charles Lias [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
I.L over I.R (John Langlands I & John Robertson [ N ] ) 19th c./1st half
IL over WA (John Linnit & William Atkinson [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
I.M into a rectangle (John Munns - possibly- [ L ] ) mid 19th c.
IM (John Munslow [ B ] ) 19th c./1st half
IM under a crown (John Mewburn [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
IM into an oval (John Moore [ L ] ) beginning 19th c.
IM into an oval (Isaac Manheim [ L ] ) end 19th c./beginning 20th c.
IM over & over SH under a crown (John Mortimer & John Samuel Hunt [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
I M C (Iain MacCormick [ G ] ) mid 20th c.
I.M.Co (Inman Manufacturing Co [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
IM over ISH (John Mortimer & John Samuel Hunt [ L ] )
I MD (John McDonald [ E ] ) end 18th c./19th c./1st half
IM NB and English pseudo hallmarks (John Munro [CANADA] ) 1813-1864
I M S into three circles (John Marshall Spink [ C ][ L ] ) beginning 20th c.
I.O into a chamfered rectangle (John Oxley [ S ] ) entered 1841
IP into a rectangle (not identified [B] ) 1893
IP (Joseph Pearson [ E ] ) 19th c./1st half
I.P (Isaac Parkin [EX] ) 19th c./1st half
IP & Co (John Parsons & Co [ S] )
I P C (I P C Manufacturing Co [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
I.P over E.W under a fleur de lys (John Parker I & Edward Wakelin [L] ) 19th c./2nd half
I.P over G.P (Josiah & George Piercy [L] ) 19th c./1st half
I.P over I.P (Jonathan Perkins & Jonathan Perkins[L] ) end 18th c.
I.P over W.P (Pittway Bros -John & William Pittway [L] ) 19th c./2nd half
IR (John Reily [ L ]) 19th c./1st half
IR (John Read [ D ] ) 19th c./1st half
IR (John Rowbotham II [ S ] ) beginning 19th c.
IR (John Robertson or Robinson [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
IR (John Robertson II [ N ] ) 19th c./1st half
IR and English pseudo-hallmarks (J. Ross [CANADA]) 1818
I.R & Co into an oblong rectangle (John Roberts & Co [ S] ) entered 1805
IRH (John Robert Harris [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
IR over IW (John Robertson II & John Walton [ L ][ N ]) 19th c./1st half
IR over WR (John Robertson (II) & John Walton [ N ] ) 19th c./1st half
IS (Isaac Solomon or John Seymour [ D ] ) 19th c./1st half
IS (not identified) Birmingham 1936
IS (John Shaw [ B ] ) 19th c./1st half
IS (James Smith [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
IS (James Scott [ D ] ) 19th c./1st half
I.S (John Stoyte [ D ] ) end 18th c.
I.S (James Scott [ D ] ) 19th c./1st half
I.S (John Settle & William Hatfield [ S ] ) 19th c./1st half

I.S over G into a shield (Israel Sigmond Greenberg [ B ]) 20th c./1st half
I.S.G ( S Greenberg & Co -Israel Sigmond Greenberg- [ B ][ S ] ) end 19th c./20th c./1st half
ISH into a shield (John Samuel Hunt [ L ][ S ] ) mid 19th c.
IS over HW into a quaterfoil (John Settle & Henry Wilkinson [ S ] ) 19th c./1st half
I.S over T.S (John & Thomas Settle, Gunn & Co [ S ] ) 19th c./1st half
IT (Joseph Taylor [ B ] ) end 18th c./beginning 19th c.
IT (John Turner [ B ] ) end 18th c.
IT (James Tweedie or John Touliet [ L ] ) end 18th c.
IT into a rectangle (John Thornton [ B ] ) entered 1801
IT into a rectangle (Joseph Thredder or James Trender [L] ) beginning 19th c.
I.T (Joseph Taylor [ B ]) 19th c./1st half
I.T into two ovals (John Tapley [ B ] ) mid 19th c.
I.T (J Thornton [ B ] ) end 18th c.
ITY over &Co into a square (J T Younge Walker & Co [ S]) entered 1797
ITY & Co (John Younge & Sons [ S] )end 18th c./beginning 19th c.
IW in script (John James Whiting (died 1855) & John Whiting [ L ] ) mid 19th c.
IW (John Wright [ N ] ) 19th c./1st half
IW (James Welshman [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
IW (Joseph Wilson [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
IW (Joseph Wilson or John Wakefield [ L ]) 19th c./1st half
IW (John Weems [ E ] ) mid 18th c.
IW (John Wilkinson [ B ] ) 19th c./1st half
IW under three stars (James Weems [ E ] ) 18th c./2nd half
IW (John Walton [ N ]) 19th c.
IW (John Walker [ C ] ) 19th c./1st half
IW in script (John James Whiting [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
I.W in script (John James Whiting [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
IW in script (John James Whiting [ L ]) 19th c./1st half
I.W into a rectangle (John Watson [ S ] ) entered 1794
I.W into a rectangle (John Wakefield [L]) entered 1818
I.W (J Wilson [ L ] ) beginning 19th c.
IW & Co (John Winter & Co [ S] ) -
IWB (John William Blake [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
IW over IR (Jonathan Whip & Jonathan Rose [ S ] ) 19th c./1st half
I.W over R.G (John Wakelin & Robert Garrard [ L ] ) end 18th c.
IWS (John W Story [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
IWS over WE (J W Stoey & W Elliott [ L ] )
IW over WM (J Wrangham & William Moulson [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
I.W over W.T under a fleur de lys (John Wakelin & William Taylor [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
IZ (John Zeigler [ E ] ) 19th c./1st half
HALLMARKS OF ENGLISH SILVER - MAKER'S MARK IDENTIFICATION
ALPHABETICAL LISTING
OF SILVERSMITHS' NAMES		 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
THE DIRECTORY OF CAPE SILVERSMITHS A - C D - I J - M N - T U - Z
THE DIRECTORY OF CHANNEL ISLANDS SILVERSMITHS A - F G - H I - P Q - Z unidentified makers
BRITISH TOWN MARKS AND DATE LETTERS
London town marks Birmingham town marks Dublin town marks Edinburgh town marks Sheffield town marks Exeter town marks
London Birmingham Dublin Edinburgh Sheffield Chester
The hallmarking of British silver is based on a combination of marks that makes possible the identification of the origin and the age of each piece.
The marks are:

Town mark, corresponding to the mark of the assay office that has verified the piece
London town mark Sheffield town mark Birmingham town mark Newcastle town mark Dublin town mark Edimburgh town mark Glasgow town mark

Lion's passant guardant or Britannia or lion's head erased certifiying the silver's quality
lion passant: 1598-1820 lion passant: after 1820 Britannia and lion's head erased: from 1697 to 1718
Maker's mark, identifying the silversmith presenting the piece to the assay office

Date letter, in cycles of twenty letters of the alphabet of different shape identifies the year in which the piece was verified by the assay office
London date letter 'a'
A further mark was used in the period 1784 - 1890:
Sovereign head ('duty mark'), certifying the payment of duty
Sovereign head: duty mark from 1784 to 1890
work in progress on this page - your help, corrections and suggestions will be greatly appreciated -