HALLMARKS OF ENGLISH SILVER
MAKER'S MARK IDENTIFICATION

WITH THE ADDITION OF SCOTTISH, IRISH, CHANNEL ISLANDS AND COLONIES SILVERMITHS
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BRITISH SILVERSMITHS - ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF MARKS: TI-TZ
ALPHABETICAL LISTING
OF SILVERSMITHS' NAMES		 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
  [B] = BIRMINGHAM    [C] = Chester   [D] = DUBLIN  [E] = EDIMBURGH  [EX] = EXETER  [G] = GLASGOW    [L] = LONDON  [N] = NEWSCASTLE   
[S] = SHEFFIELD   [Y] = YORK
(lower-case letter denote smaller ones but they may be capital letters)
CLICK ON THE YELLOW NAME FOR MAKER'S MARK IMAGE
T over I.D over D (Thomas & Jabez Daniel [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
TI over NC (Creswick & Co -Thomas, James & Nathaniel Creswick- [ S] ) 19th c./1st half
TJ (Thomas Joyce [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
TJ (Thomas Johnson I [ L ]) 19th c./2nd half
T.J (Thomas Jenkinson [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
T.J (Thomas Johnston [ E ] ) beginning 20th c.
T j&(left) wf(right)into a shield (Thomas of New Bond Street [ L ] ) 20th c./1st half
TJS (T J Skelton [ B ][ C ] ) 20th c./1st half
TKB into two ovals (Brewis & Co -Thomas Kanzow Bowley- [ L ] ) 19th c./2nd half
TK& S (Toye Kenning and Spencer [ B ] ) 20th c./2nd half
TL (Thomas Lawrence [ B ] ) 19th c./1st half
TL (Levesley Brothers [ S ] ) end 19th c./ beginning 20th c.
TL over DL (Thomas & Daniel Leader [ S ] ) end 19th c./ beginning 20th c.
TL over & over EM (Thomas Latham & Ernest Morton [ B ][ C ] ) end 19th c./ beginning 20th c.
T.L (Levesley Brothers -Thomas Levesley- [ S ] ) end 19th c./ beginning 20th c.
T. LAW (Thomas Law [ S] ) end 18th c./ beginning 19th c.
TM (T W Matthews [ L ] ) end 18th c./beginning 19th c.
TM (Thomas Morley [ L ] ) beginning 19th c.
TM (Thomas Meade [ D ] ) 19th c./1st half
TM into a cut corners rectangle (Thomas Marples [ B ][ S ] ) end 19th c./ beginning 20th c.
T.M into a shield, two pellet over and below (Thomas Mason [L] ) entered 1733
T.M (Thomas Mynd [ B ] ) end 18th c./ beginning 19th c.
T.M (Thomas Millington [ B ] ) 19th c./1st half
T.M (Thomas Marsh & Co [ B ] ) 19th c./2nd half
T.M into a cut corners rectangle (Thomas Marples [ B ][ S ] ) end 19th c.
T.M into a sort of shield (not identified [ S ] ) 1861

TM ov. IB ov. TM (Thomas Mitchell & Co -Thomas Mitchell, James Burden & Thomas Merrifield- [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
TN (Thomas Newbold [ B ] ) 19th c./1st half
TN (Thomas Nowill [ S ] ) 19th c./1st half
TN (Thomas Northcote [ L ]) 19th c./2nd half
TN in script (Thomas Nash I [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
TN over GB (Thomas Northcote & George Bourne [ L ] ) end 18th c.
TO (Thomas Oliphant or Ollivant [ L ] ) end 18th c./ beginning 19th c.
TP in script into an oval (Thomas Parr II [ L ] ) entered 1739
TP (Thomas Parker [ B ] ) 19th c./1st half
TP (Thomas Powell [ L ] ) beginning 19th c.
T.P (Thomas Pitts [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
T.P into an oval (Thomas Pratt [ L ] ) 19th c./2nd half
T.P over & S (Thomas Prime & Son [ B ][ C ] ) 19th c./2nd half
TP & S (Thomas Prime & Son [ B ] ) 19th c./2nd half
TP over AH (Thomas Pratt & Arthur Humphries [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
TP over EF (Thomas Purver & Edward Furniss [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
TP over ER into a quatrefoil (Thomas Phillips & Edward Robinson [ L ] ) end 18th c./ beginning 19th c.
TP over ER over JP (Thomas Phipps, Edward Robinson & James Phipps [ L ] )19th c./1st half
TP over IP into a quatrefoil (Thomas & James Phipps II [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
T.P.R. & CO (T.P.R. & CO [BOMBAY (India)] ) c. 1890
T.R into a curved outline (Thomas Roberts [ L ] ) entered 1720
TR in script into two circles (Thomas Robins [ L ] ) end 18th c./ beginning 19th c.
TR into an oval (Timothy Renou [ L ] ) end 18th c./ beginning 19th c.
TR into two conjoined circles (Thomas Reeves [ C ] ) entered 1907
T.R (Thomas Richards [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
T.R (Thomas Robinson [ N ] ) 19th c./1st half
T.R in script (Thomas Rush [ L ] ) 18th c./1st half
T.R (Thomas Rowe [ L ] ) mid 18th c.
T.R over & Co (Thomas Blagden & Co [ S ] ) 19th c./1st half
T over R.G over C into a quatrefoil (Thomas Cooke II & Richard Gurney or Richard Gurney & Co [ S ] ) entered 1727
TS (Thomas Sansom [ S ] ) 19th c./1st half
TS into an oval (Thomas Streetin [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
TS (Thomas Shaw [ B ] ) 19th c./1st half
TS (Thomas Smith [ B ] ) 19th c./1st half
TS (Thomas Simpson Jr [ B ] ) 19th c./1st half
TS (Thomas Sewell (I) [ N ] ) 19th c./2nd half
T.S (Thomas Shepherd [L]) 18th c./2nd half
T.S into an oval (Thomas H Stone [ EX ] ) 19th c./2nd half
T.S into two conjoined circles (Thomas Smily [ L ] ) 19th c./2nd half
T S&(intertwined) S in script into a trefoil (Thomas Smith & Sons [ E ] ) beginning 20th c.
TS over WS over HH (Holland, Aldwinckle & Slater -Alfred Thomas Slater, Walter Brindley Slater & Henry Arthur Holland- [L]) end 19th c./ beginning 20th c.
TS & S (T Smith & Sons [ G ] ) 19th c./2nd half
TT under a crown (Thomas Tearle [ L ] ) 18th c./1st half
TT (Thomas Taylor [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
T.T (Thomas Townsend [ D ] ) 19th c./1st half
T.T over &Co (T Turner & Co [ S ] ) 20th c./1st half

TW in script (Thomas Whipham [ L ] ) mid 18th c.
TW in script (Thomas Wallis II [ L ]) 18th c./2nd half
TW (Thomas Watson [ N ] ) end 18th c./ beginning 19th c.
TW (Thomas Wallis I [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
TW (Thomas Williamson [ D ] ) 19th c./1st half
TW (Thomas Wheatley [ N ] ) 19th c./1st half
TW (Thomas Watson [ L ] ) mid 19th c.
TW (Thomas Whitaker -entered 1841- [ L ] ) mid 19th c.
TW (Thomas Wimbush -entered 1846- [ L ] ) mid 19th c.
TW (Thomas Wells -entered 1849- [ L ] ) mid 19th c.
TW (Thomas Whitehouse -entered 1850- [ L ] ) mid 19th c.
TW into a shield (T Wooley [ B ] ) end 19th c./ beginning 20th c.
T.W (Thomas Wallis I [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
T.W (also into an oval) (Thomas Willmore [ B ] ) end 18th c./ beginning 19th c.
T.W (Thomas Whitehouse [ L ] ) 19th c./2nd half
T.W (T Wooley [ B ] ) end 19th c./ beginning 20th c.
TW over & Co (Thomas Watson & Co [ S ] ) end 18th c./ beginning 19th c.
TW over & Co over Ltd (Travis, Wilson & Co Ltd [ S ] ) 20th c.
T.W under C over W (Thomas Whipham & Charles Wright [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
T.W over & Co over Ltd into a shield (Travis, Wilson & Co Ltd [ B ][ E ][ G ][ L ][ S ] ) 20th c./2nd half
TW& Co (Thomas Watson & Co [ S] ) 19th c./1st half
T.W&S into an oblong rectangle (not identified [ B ]) 1867
T over WC over C into a trefoil (Thomas & William Chawner -possibly- [ L ]) mid 18th c.
T.W.D. into three conjoined circles (Thomas William Dee [ L ]) entered 1862
T.W.D into a six sides polygon (Dobson & Sons -Thomas William Dobson- [ L ] ) entered 1886
TW over D over HH into a quatrefoil (Dobson & Sons -Thomas William Dobson & Henry Holmes Dobson- [ L ] ) entered 1877
TW over JH (Thomas Wallis (II) & Jonathan Hayne [ L ]) 19th c./1st half
T.W.L into a rectangle (Thomas William Lack [ C ][ L ]) 20th c./1st half
TW under W over w (Thomas Whipham & William Williams [ L ] ) 18th c./1st half
TWY+ (Edward Twycross [ D ] ) 19th c./1st half
BRITISH TOWN MARKS AND DATE LETTERS
London town marks Birmingham town marks Dublin town marks Edinburgh town marks Sheffield town marks Exeter town marks
London Birmingham Dublin Edinburgh Sheffield Chester
The hallmarking of British silver is based on a combination of marks that makes possible the identification of the origin and the age of each piece. The marks are:

Town mark, corresponding to the mark of the Assay Office that has verified the piece
London town mark Sheffield town mark Birmingham town mark Newcastle town mark Dublin town mark Edimburgh town mark Glasgow town mark

Lion passant guardant or Britannia or lion's head erased, certifiying the silver quality
lion passant: 1598-1820 lion passant: after 1820 Britannia and lion's head erased: from 1697 to 1718
Maker's mark, identifying the silversmith presenting the piece to the assay office (usually the initials of Christian name and surname of the silversmith)

Date letter, in cycles of twenty letters of the alphabet of different shape identifies the year in which the piece was verified by the Assay Office
London date letter 'a'
A further mark was used in the period 1784 - 1890:
Sovereign head ('duty mark'), certifying the payment of the duty
Sovereign head: duty mark from 1784 to 1890
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