HALLMARKS OF ENGLISH SILVER DIRECTORY
MAKER'S MARK IDENTIFICATION

WITH THE ADDITION OF SCOTTISH, IRISH, CHANNEL ISLANDS AND COLONIES SILVERMITHS
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BRITISH SILVERSMITHS - ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF MARKS: SA-SG
ALPHABETICAL LISTING
OF SILVERSMITHS' NAMES		 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
  [B] = BIRMINGHAM    [C] = CHESTER  [D] = DUBLIN  [E] = EDINBURGH  [EX] = EXETER  [G] = GLASGOW   
[L] = LONDON  [N] = NEWSCASTLE   [S] = SHEFFIELD   [Y] = YORK
(lower-case letter denote smaller ones but they may be capital letters)
CLICK ON THE YELLOW NAME FOR MAKER'S MARK IMAGE and ON THE GREEN NAME FOR INFORMATION
S & A into two conjoined circles (Swan(n) & Adams -possibly- [ B ]) end 19th c.
S & Bm into two lozenges and a circle (Smith & Bartlam [ B ][ C ] ) 20th c./1st half
S & Co (Spurrier & Co [ B ] ) end 19th c - 20th c./1st half
S & Co (Sydney & Co [ B ][ C ] ) 20th c./1st half
S & Co (Skinner & Co [ L ] ) 20th c./1st half
S&Co into an oval (Steinhart & Co - Seigfried Emil Steinhart [B][C][L]) 20th c./1st half
S&Co into three squares (Shipton & Co Ltd [C]) entered 1935
S & Co over Ld into a trefoil (Selfridge & Co Ltd [ B ][ L ] ) 20th c./1st half
S&Co over Ltd (Searle & Co Ltd [ L ]) 20th c.
S & Co Ld. intertwined (Streeter & Co Ltd [ L ] ) 20th c./1st half
S & D over ED into a shield (Samuel & Ernest Drew [ L ] ) 20th c./1st half
S & E into an oval (Somers & Eccles [ B ][ C ] ) 20th c.
S & G into an oblong rectangle (two sides slightly curved) (Smith & Gamble [ D ] ) 19th c./1st half
S & G into a shield (Smith & Gamble [ D ] ) 19th c./1st half
S&G Ld into an oval (Salmon & Gluckstein [ B ]) end 19th c.
S & H (Sanders & Hill [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
S & H (Samsom & Harwood [ S ] ) 19th c./1st half
S & K (Moses Salkind & Co -Moses Salkind & Reuben Koshr- [L ] ) 20th c./1st half
S &.I into a rectangle (Stokes & Ireland [ B ] ) entered 1878
S&I into a shaped cartouche (S.Blanckensee & Son trading as Stokes & Ireland [ B ][ C ]) 20th c./1st half

S & L into an oval (Smith & Langdell [ B ] ) mid 20th c.
S&. Ld into an oval (Suckling Limited [ B ]) 20th c./1st half
S & M into two conjoned circles (Sanders & Mackenzie -Ernest Wilfred Sanders & Henry Arthur Mackenzie- [ B ] ) 20th c.
S & R (Smith & Rait [ G ] ) 20th c./1st half
S & S (T Simpson & Son [ B ] ) 19th c./1st half
S & S into a lozenge (Stephenson & Sons [ S ] ) 20th c./1st half
S & S Ld (Saunders & Shepherd Ltd [ L ] ) 20th c./1st half
S & Sn into an oval (Spink & Son [ L ] ) 20th c./2nd half
S & W into an undulated outline (Stower & Wragg Ltd [ S ] ) entered 1931
S.A (Stephen Adams I [ L ] ) end 18th c/ beginning 19th c.
SA (Stephen Adams I or Stephen Adams & Son [ L ] ) end 18th c/ beginning 19th c.
SA under a rampant leopard (Thomas Sadler [ L ] ) entered 1701
SA over C into a trefoil (Hammond, Creake & Co -Saint Arnaud Creake- [ S ] ) end 19th c/ beginning 20th c.
SAVAGE over LYMAN and English pseudo hallmarks (Savage & Lyman [Montreal CANADA ] ) 1851/1867
SAVAGE over LYMAN & Co and English pseudo hallmarks (Savage Lyman & Co [Montreal CANADA ] ) 1868/1879
SB (Susannah Barker [ L ] )18th c./2nd half
SB (Stephen Bergin [ D ] ) 19th c./1st half
S star B into two conjoined circles (Synyer & Beddoes -Harry Synyer & Charles Joseph Beddoes- [ B ][ C ][ L ] ) end 19th c./beginning 20th c.
S. B (Stainton Bros [ B ][ C ] ) end 19th c./beginning 20th c.
S.B BULGARI into two rectangles (Sotirio Bulgari [ B ]) 20th c.(2nd half
S-B&S Ld into an oblong chamfered rectangle (S. Blanckensee & Son Ltd [ B ][ C ][ L ][ S ]) end 19th c/beginning 20th c.
S.B&S. Ld into an oblong chamfered rectangle (S. Blanckensee & Son Ltd [ B ][ C ][ L ][ S ]) 20th c.
S.B&S over Ltd into a shield (S. Blanckensee & Son Ltd [ B ][ C ][ L ]) 20th c./1st half
SB over FW into a quaterfoil (Sidney Blunt & Frederick Dendy Wray [ L ] )19th c./2nd half
SB over HB into a shield (Samuel Biggin & Son [ S ]) entered 1888
SB over IB (Sarah & John William Blake [ L ]) entered 1809
S.B over I.B (Sarah & John William Blake [ L ]) 19th c./1st half
SBL into a rectangle (Samuel Boyce Landeck [ C ][ L ]) end 19th c./beginning 20th c.
S.B.L into a rectangle (Samuel Boyce Landeck [ S ] ) end 19th c.
S-BROs into an oblong chamfered rectangle (Sydenham Brothers [ B ][ C ] ) end 19th c.
S-BROs into a rectangular shaped contour (Charles Thomas & William Samuel Sheldon - Sheldon Brothers- possibly [ B ][ C ] ) beginning 20th c.
S cup B over H into a lozenge (Sidney Bellamy Harman -Lambert & Harman- [ L ] ) 20th c./1st half
S.B.W into a rectangle (Wolfsky & Co -Serlo Bernard Wolfsky- [ L ] ) entered 1897
S.C under a sun into a trefoil (Samuel Courtauld I [ L ]) entered 1746
SC into a rectangle (Sebastian Crespel II [ L ]) entered 1820
S C (Samuel Clark [ B ] ) 19th c./1st half
SC into a rectangle (Stuart Clifford [ L ] ) entered 1874
SC into an indented rectangle (not identified [ S ] ) Sheffield 1991
S.C over & Co (Spooner, Clowes & Co [ B ] ) 19th c./1st half
S.C over star over I.C (Sebastian & James Crespell [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
SCOTT into an oblong rectangle (Robert Scott -possibly- [ G ] ) 19th c./1st half
S.C.Y over & Co (S C Younge & Co [ S ] ) 19th c./2nd half
SD in script under a crown (Sandilands Drinkwater [ L ] ) mid 18th c.
SD (Samuel Davenport [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
SD in script under a crown (Sandilands Drinkwater [ L ] ) 18th c./1st half
SD (Samuel Dutton [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
SD (Sybil Dunlop [ L ] ) 20th c./1st half
SD into an oval (Stuart Devlin [ L ] ) 20th c./2nd half

S.D over & over Co Ld into a shield (Stewart Dawson & Co Ltd [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
S.D over E.D (Samuel & Edward Davenport [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
S.D over Ld into a shield (Stewart Dawson Ltd [ G ][ L ][ S ] ) entered 1909
S E (William Servant [ EX ] ) 18th c./1st half
SF over AJF into a shield (Fenton Bros -Samuel Fenton & Alfred John Fenton- [ L ][ S ] ) 19th c./2nd half
SF over WS into a shield (Fenton Bros (Samuel Fenton & William Staniforth [ L ] ) 19th c./2nd half
S.G & Co Ltd (Sheffield Goldsmiths Co Ltd [ S ] ) 20th c./1st half
SG (R & S Garrard & Co -Sebastian Henry Garrard- Garrard & Co Ltd (from 1914) [ L ] ) 20th c./1st half
SG (Samuel Godbehere [ L ] ) end 19th c./beginning 20th c.
SG over EW (Samuel Godbehere & Edward Wigan [ L ] ) end 18th c./beginning 19th c.
SG over EW over IB (Samuel Godbehere, Edward Wigan & James Boult [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
S.G.J (S G Jacobs [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
SGM (Stanley G Morris [ B ] ) 20th c./2nd half
SG over W (Samuel & George Whitford [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
The hallmarking of British silver is based on a combination of marks that makes possible the identification of the origin and the age of each silver piece manufactured or traded in the UK. The marks are:

Town mark, corresponding to the mark of the Assay Office that has verified the piece
London town mark Sheffield town mark Birmingham town mark Newcastle town mark Dublin town mark Edinburgh town mark Glasgow town mark

Lion passant guardant or Britannia or lion's head erased, certifiying the silver quality
lion passant: 1598-1820 lion passant: after 1820 Britannia and lion's head erased: from 1697 to 1718
Maker's mark, identifying the silversmith presenting the piece to the assay office (usually the initials of Christian name and surname of the silversmith)

Date letter, in cycles of twenty letters of the alphabet of different shape identifies the year in which the piece was verified by the Assay Office
London date letter 'a'
A further mark was used in the period 1784 - 1890:
Sovereign head ('duty mark'), certifying the payment of the duty
Sovereign head: duty mark from 1784 to 1890
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