HALLMARKS OF ENGLISH SILVER
MAKER'S MARK IDENTIFICATION - ILLUSTRATED LISTING

WITH THE ADDITION OF SCOTTISH, IRISH, CHANNEL ISLANDS AND COLONIES SILVERMITHS

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BRITISH SILVERSMITHS
ILLUSTRATED LISTING OF SILVER MAKERS MARKS
GC - GG
A&/AC    AD/AK    AL/AZ    B&/BB    BC/BO    BP/BZ    C&/CA    CB/CC    CD/CF    CG/CL    CM/CS    CT/CZ    D&/DB    DC/DL    DM/DZ    E&/EA    EB/ED    EE/EH    EI/EO    EP/EZ    F&/FD    FE/FJ    FK/FZ    G&/GB    GC/GG    GH/GL    GM/GR    GS/GZ    H&/H&    HA/HB    HC/HE    HF/HL    HM/HU    HV/HZ    I&/IG    IH/IL    IM/IZ    J&/JA    JB/JC    JD/JG    JH/JK    JL/JQ    JR/JR    JS/JS    JT/JZ    K&/KZ    L&/LB    LC/LZ    M&/MB    MC/MI    MJ/MZ    N&/NZ    O&/OZ    P&/PK    PL/PZ    QA/QZ    R&/RB    RC/RG    RH/RK    RL/RQ    RR/RZ    S&/SB    SC/SI    SJ/SR    SS/SZ    T&/TC    TD/TG    TH/TN    TO/TS    TT/TZ    U&/UZ    V&/VZ    W&/WA    WB/WB    WC/WC    WD/WE    WF/WG    WH/WL    WM/WM    WN/WR    WS/WS    WT/XZ    Y&/YZ    Z&/ZZ   

ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF MAKER'S MARKS
AA/AE    AF/AZ    BA/BZ    CA/CH    CI/CZ    DA/DZ    EA/EZ    FA/FZ    GA/GZ    HA/HG    HH/HZ    IA/IG    IH/IZ    JA/JC    JD/JI    JJ/JP    JQ/JS    JT/JZ    KA/LZ    MA/MZ    NA/PA    PB/PZ    QA/RJ    RK/RZ    SA/SG    SH/SZ    TA/TH    TI/TZ    UA/WB    WC/WF    WG/WL    WM/WS    WT/ZZ   

ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF SILVERSMITHS' NAMES
 A    B    C    D     E    F    G    H    I    J    K    L    M    N    O    P    Q    R    S    T    U    V    W    X     Y    Z 
| |HOW TO READ ENGLISH/BRITISH STERLING  SILVER MARKS| | DUTY MARKS | LEOPARD'S HEAD | LONDON MARKS | WOMEN SILVERSMITHS | PSEUDO HALLMARKS | IMPORT MARKS | CONTEMPORARY MARKS | HERALDRY & FAMILY CRESTS | OLD ADVERTISEMENTS | FACTORIES & SHOPS: OLD IMAGES |
(click on the photo to enlarge image)


GC mark, George Cunningham, Edinburgh 1855
GC
George Cunningham
Edinburgh 1855 hallmark
GD into an oval mark, George Day, London 1811 GD into a a rectangle mark, George Day, London 1815
GD into an oval
GD into a a rectangle
George Day
London 1811 hallmark entered 1809



London 1815 hallmark entered 1814
G.D.R in a chamfered rectangle mark, George D Rattray, Glasgow 1915
G.D.R in a chamfered rectangle
George D Rattray,
Dundee
Glasgow 1915 hallmark
G.E mark, George Elder, Glasgow 1847
G.E
George Elder
Glasgow 1847 hallmark
GE & S mark, George Edward & Son, Glasgow 1871
GE & S
George Edward & Son
Buchanan Street, Glasgow
Glasgow 1871 hallmark
GEC mark,George Edward Gee -possibly-, Birmingham 1910
G.E.G
George Edward Gee
58 Tenby Street, Birmingham
Birmingham 1900 hallmark
G.E.H mark, George Ernest Hawkins, Birmingham 1901 - courtesy Johnboy's Antiques Emporium
G.E.H
George Ernest Hawkins
Birmingham 1901 hallmark
G.E.W mark, G E Walton & Co Ltd -George Edwin Walton-, Birmingham 1900
G.E.W
G E Walton & Co Ltd -George Edwin Walton-
Birmingham 1900 hallmark
G.E.W Ld into a chamfered rectangle mark, G E Walton & Co Ltd -George Edwin Walton-  Birmingham 1894
G.E.W Ld into a chamfered rectangle
G E Walton & Co Ltd -George Edwin Walton-
Hylton Street, Birmingham and Hatton Garden, London
Birmingham 1894 hallmark
GF mark, George Fenwick , Edinburgh 1809
GF
George Fenwick
Edinburgh 1809 hallmark
G F into two conjoined circles mark, George Ferris, Exeter 1828
G F into two conjoined circles
George Ferris
Exeter 1828 hallmark
GF in script into a shield mark, not identified, Malta 1834
GF in script into a shield
not identified
Malta 1834 hallmark
GF mark, George Fox, London 1847
GF
George Fox
London 1904 hallmark

FOX FAMILY: HISTORY & MARKS
G.F.B mark,George Frank Bickerton (possibly), Birmingham 1923
G.F.B
George Frank Bickerton (possibly)
Birmingham 1923 hallmark
G.F.P mark,George Frederick Pinnell, London 1847
G.F.P
George Frederick Pinnell
London 1847 hallmark
G.F.W &S into a sort of oblong shield mark, G F Westwood & Sons, Birmingham 1918
G.F.W &S into a sort of oblong shield
G F Westwood & Sons
mark entered in 1912
Birmingham 1918 hallmark
GG, George Gray  mark struck over Peter and Anne Bateman
GG
George Gray struck over Peter and Anne Bateman
London 1795 hallmark
GG into an oval mark, George Guest , London 1878
GG into an oval
George Guest
London 1878 hallmark
GG into two conjoined circles mark, Gustave Guilaudet, London 1880
GG into two conjoined circles
Gustave Guilaudet
London 1880 hallmark
GG mark, George Gray, London 1901
GG
George Gray
London 1901 hallmark
GG into an oval mark, George Gilliam, London 1906
GG into an oval
George Gilliam
London 1906 hallmark
GG over RG without contour mark, George & Richard Garnett, London 1817
GG over RG without contour
George & Richard Garnett
entered 1814
London 1817 hallmark
courtesy www.acsilver.co.uk


BRITISH TOWN MARKS AND DATE LETTERS




MORE on the tutorial:     HOW TO READ ENGLISH/BRITISH STERLING  SILVER MARKS

The hallmarking of British silver is based on a combination of marks that makes possible the identification of the origin and the age of each silver piece manufactured or traded in the UK. The marks are:

Town mark, corresponding to the mark of the Assay Office that has verified the piece
London town mark Sheffield town mark Birmingham town mark Newcastle town mark Dublin town mark Edinburgh town mark Glasgow town mark

Lion passant guardant or Britannia or lion's head erased, certifiying the silver quality
lion passant: 1598-1820 lion passant: after 1820 Britannia and lion's head erased: from 1697 to 1718

Maker's mark, identifying the silversmith presenting the piece to the assay office (usually the initials of Christian name and surname of the silversmith)

examples of maker's mark

Date letter, in cycles of twenty letters of the alphabet of different shape identifies the year in which the piece was verified by the Assay Office
London date letter 'a'

A further mark was used in the period 1784 - 1890: Sovereign head ('duty mark'), certifying the payment of the duty

Sovereign head: duty mark George III, 1784 Sovereign head: duty mark George III, 1795 Sovereign head: duty mark George IV, 1822 Sovereign head: duty mark George IV, 1825 Sovereign head: duty mark William IV, 1835 Sovereign head: duty mark Victoria, 1838


SILVER MARKS AND HALLMARKS DIRECTORY
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