HALLMARKS OF ENGLISH AND BRITISH SILVER MAKER'S MARK IDENTIFICATION THE DIRECTORY OF ENGLISH, SCOTTISH, IRISH, CHANNEL ISLANDS AND COLONIES SILVERMITHS

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	G& Co into two conjoined circles C.Griffiths & Co Birmingham 1918 hallmark
	G & Co over Ld into a trefoil Gibson & Co Ltd Donegal Place, Belfast Sheffield 1919 hallmark
	G & Co over Ld into a trefoil Garrard & Co Ltd Regent Street, London Sheffield 1985 hallmark London 1965 hallmark Sheffield 1977 hallmark Britannia Standard and Queen Elisabeth II silver Jubilee mark Birmingham 1962 hallmark A business founded by John Wickes in 1722 and still active in present days ... MORE....

	G & J over W.H into a shield G & J W Hawksley Ltd Carver Works - Carver St, Sheffield Sheffield 1950 hallmark
	G&MC George & Michael Crichton Edinburgh 1864 hallmark
	G&S into two conjoined circles Grant & Son Established in 1870. South Shields. North Shields. Jarrow, Sunderland Newcastle, Birmingham 1933 hallmark
	G&S.Co over Ld into a trefoil G&S Co over Ltd into a trefoil Goldsmiths and Silversmiths Company, Sheffield 1930 hallmark London 1930 hallmark London 1935 hallmark Birmingham 1933 hallmark Sheffield 1925 hallmark A large business of retail jewellers and silversmiths established in 1880 at 112 Regent Street, London. The original partners were William Gibson and John Lawrence Langman. In 1898 the firm converted into a limited liablity company under the style Goldsmiths & Silversmiths Co Ltd. The firm was amalgamated in 1952 in Garrard & Co Ltd.
	G&W without contour not identified London 1979 hallmark

London	Birmingham	Dublin	Edinburgh	Sheffield	Chester

The hallmarking of British silver is based on a combination of marks that makes possible the identification of the origin and the age of each piece.
The marks are:

Town mark, corresponding to the mark of the assay office that has verified the piece

Lion's passant guardant or Britannia or lion's head erased certifiying the silver's quality

Maker's mark, identifying the silversmith presenting the piece to the assay office

Date letter, in cycles of twenty letters of the alphabet of different shape identifies the year in which the piece was verified by the assay office

A further mark was used in the period 1784 - 1890:
Sovereign head ('duty mark'), certifying the payment of duty